浙江象山港表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊多样性与分布研究  

Studies on diversity and distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province,China

作　　者：谢昌良 王朝晖[1] 王文婷 陈佳卓 张宇宁 郑虎 柏瑶苹 XIE Changliang;WANG Zhaohui;WANG Wenting;CHEN Jiazhuo;ZHANG Yuning;ZHENG Hu;BAI Yaoping(College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China;Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Dayawan Economic and Technology Development Zone, Huizhou 516081, Guangdong, China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生命科学技术学院,广东广州510632 [2]惠州市海洋与渔业局大亚湾经济技术开发区分局,广东惠州516081

出　　处：《暨南大学学报（自然科学与医学版）》2022年第3期312-321,共10页Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42076141);科技基础资源调查专项项目(2018FY100200)。

摘　　要：目的:阐明浙江象山港海域甲藻赤潮发生潜势,为象山港的环境保护和海洋资源可持续发展提供科学依据。方法:2016年7月采集象山港海域表层沉积物,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布规律进行研究,重点揭示有毒有害甲藻孢囊的分布;同时测定了沉积物中生源要素质量分数,以揭示孢囊分布与生源要素的关系。结果:共鉴定甲藻孢囊26种,包括自养型18种和异养型8种,优势种为原多甲藻孢囊。孢囊的种类多样性指数(H′)偏低,为1.92~2.17之间;均匀度指数(J)为0.68~0.74。孢囊密度介于69.8~174.4 cysts/g D Wt,平均为100.2 cysts/g D Wt,呈现出港中大于港顶和港口的趋势。象山港表层沉积物中异养型甲藻孢囊占比较高(67.6%~81.0%),在一定程度上说明了水体中较高的初级生产力及富营养化水平。孢囊密度及主要类别孢囊密度均与生物硅(BSi)呈现出明显的正相关关系,说明硅藻生物量是决定孢囊生产力的重要因素。本研究分析鉴定出10种有毒有害甲藻的孢囊,包括麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP)原因种奥氏亚历山大藻(Alexandrium ostenfeldii)和链状/塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)孢囊复合体,虾夷扇贝毒素(YTX)原因种具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)、多边舌甲藻(Lingulodinium polyedra)和网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum),环胺藻毒素(AZP)潜在原因种环胺藻(Azadinium sp.),产生鱼毒素的哈曼多沟藻(Polykrikos hartmannii)以及赤潮藻类Barrufeta bravensis、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella acuminata)和垂裂莱万藻(Levanderina fissa)。结论:浙江象山港有毒有害甲藻孢囊密度较低,但种类丰富且分布广泛,具有赤潮发生的潜在风险,需要引起关注。Objective:In order to elucidate the potential occurrence of dinoflagellate red tides in Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province,and provide scientific basis for the environmental protection and sustainable development of marine resources in Xiangshan Port.Methods:Surface sediments were collected from Xiangshan Bay,Zhejiang Province,China,in July 2016 in this study.Dinoflagellate cysts were observed in the sediments,focusing on the distribution of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate cysts.The contents of biogenic elements were analyzed to reveal relationships between cysts and biogenic elements.Results:A total of 26 cyst taxa were identified,including 18 autotrophic and 8 heterotrophic taxa.Cysts of Protoperidinium dominated in the sediments.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)ranged from 1.92 to 2.17,and Pielou's evenness index(J)ranged between 0.68 and 0.74.Cyst concentrations ranged from 69.8 to174.4 cysts/g D Wt,with an average of 100.2 cysts/g D Wt.Cyst concentrations were higher in the central bay than the inner and outer bay.The high percentages of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates(67.6%~81.0%)suggested the high primary productivity and eutrophication level in Xiangshan Bay.Concentrations of overall cysts and those of major cyst groups were positively correlated with biogenic silica(BSi),indicating that diatom biomass played an important role in cyst productivity.Notably,ten toxic and/or harmful algal bloom(HAB)dinoflagellate cysts were identified in this study,including cysts of the paralytic shellfish toxin(PSP)producers Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A.catenella/tamarense,the yessotoxin(YTX)producers Gonyaulax spinifera,Lingulodinium polyedra and Protoceratium reticulatum,the azaspiracid(AZP)potential producer Azadinium sp.,the ichthyotoxic species Polykrikos hartmannii,and the bloom species Barrufeta bravensis,Scrippsiella acuminata and Levanderina fissa.Conclusion:The density of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate cysts in Xiangshan Bay of Zhejiang Province is low,but the species are abundant and widely distribute

关 键 词：甲藻孢囊 象山港 沉积物 生源要素 有毒有害赤潮 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55