借力生物酶制剂,保障“农田→餐桌”食品安全  

Leveraging Biological Enzyme to Streng then the Safety of Foodfrom“Farmland to Table”

作　　者：徐炜 光翠娥[1] 沐万孟[1] XU Wei;GUANG Cuie;MU Wanmeng(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《未来食品科学》2021年第1期42-49,共8页Future Food Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1604602)。

摘　　要：国以民为本,民以食为天,食以安为先.从“农田→餐桌”,食品危害物主要涉及3个阶段.分别为作物培养阶段、食物原料生长和贮藏阶段、食品加工过程,这些阶段中产生的危害物对人们的身体健康构成了严重威胁,而传统物理化学降解方式具有降解成本高、降解不完全、破坏食品质构、导致营养成分流失等弊端.近年来,越来越多的新型生物酶制剂被挖掘和用于降解这些危害物.如何降解有机磷农药残留的有机磷水解酶、可降解兽药残留物的漆酶、可降解真菌毒素的氧化酶和内脂水解酶以及抑制丙烯酰胺形成的LG天冬酰胺酶和水解氨基甲酸乙酯的脲酶等.本文将着重介绍几种生物酶制剂的来源、性质以及它们在保障“农田→餐桌”食品安全中不同层面的应用实例.Hunger breeds discontentment,food to safety first.From "farmland→table",three stages are primarily involved in the food safety.They are the crop/animal cultivation stage.the growth and storage of food raw materials,and the food processing.All these hazards would pose a serious threat to people's health.Traditional physical and chemical degradation methods have many disadvantages such as high degradation costs,incomplete degradation,damage to food texture,and loss of nutrients.In recent years,more and more novel biological enzymes have been excavated and applied to degrade these hazards.The organophosphorus hydrolase is specifie for organophosphorus pesticide residues.and lacase is used for veterinary drug residues.the oxidase and lactonase are mainly employed for the detoxification of mycotoxins,L-asparaginase and urease is introduced to prohibit the formation of acrylamide and ethyl carbamate.respectively.In this review,the source and property as well as the practical application of these biological degrading enzymes in degrading food hazards in the whole"farmland-table"stages were discussed.

关 键 词：食品安全 农兽药残 真菌毒素 食品加工内源性危害物 生物酶制剂 

分 类 号：Q814[生物学—生物工程]