教育神经科学视域下学习的苦乐观  

The View of Bitterness and Happiness of Learning from the Perspective of Educational Neuroscience

作　　者：郑梦娟 何善亮[1] ZHENG Mengjuan;HE Shanliang(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2022年第8期10-16,共7页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“中小学STEM教育基本理论与本土实践问题研究”(BHA180126),主持人:何善亮。

摘　　要：学习是人最基本的存在方式,苦与乐是人类生活的必要组成部分,学习与苦乐体验通过人的纽带相连通。教育神经科学的研究表明,情境冲突下的认知失衡、目标导向下的学习压力以及延迟反馈下的认知控制都会导致学生学习中“苦”的体验,而经验内化后的认知平衡、目标达成后的压力释放以及积极反馈下的奖赏效应都会引发学生学习中“乐”的体验。促进学生学习由苦转乐,需要教育工作者基于学生的前拥理解开展教学,保证任务和能力的匹配;帮助学生清晰界定学习目标,凸显学习经验本身的目的性;注重学生学习过程中的即时反馈,消解学生的不良学习体验。Learning is the most basic way of human existence.Bitterness and happiness are the necessary components of human life.Learning and bittersweet experience are connected through human ties.The research of educational neuroscience shows that cognitive imbalance under situational conflict,learning pressure under goal orientation and cognitive control under delayed feedback will all lead to the"bitter"experience in students'learning,while the cognitive balance after experience internalization,the release of pressure after goal achievement and the reward effect under positive feedback will all lead to the"happy"experience in students'learning.To promote students'learning from hardship to pleasure,educators need to carry out teaching based on students'prior understanding to ensure the matching of tasks and abilities,help students clearly define their learning objectives and highlight the purpose of learning experience itself and pay attention to the immediate feedback in the process of students'learning to eliminate students'bad learning experience.

关 键 词：教育神经科学 苦乐观 前拥理解 学习目标 即时反馈 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]