渗透剂预处理对扇贝柱热泵干燥动力学及品质特性的影响  

Effect of Pretreatment with Osmotic Agents on Drying Kinetics and Quality Characteristics of Heat Pump Dried Scallop Adductors

作　　者：刘静 赵亚[1] 石启龙[1] LIU Jing;ZHAO Ya;SHI Qilong(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《食品科学技术学报》2022年第3期145-156,共12页Journal of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2020MC215)。

摘　　要：为提高扇贝柱热泵干燥效率,改善干制品品质,分别采用不同种类(菊糖、海藻糖、麦芽糊精和乳清分离蛋白)和质量浓度(50、100、150 g/L)的渗透剂预处理扇贝柱,在温度45℃、风速2 m/s条件下进行后续热泵干燥,探究不同渗透剂预处理对扇贝柱热泵干燥动力学和品质特性的影响。基于低场核磁共振(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术,分析扇贝柱热泵干燥过程中水分状态和分布规律。结果表明:适宜质量浓度的菊糖、海藻糖、麦芽糊精和乳清分离蛋白溶液预处理可显著提高热泵干燥速率,降低色差(ΔE),提高复水效率。菊糖、海藻糖、麦芽糊精和乳清分离蛋白质量浓度分别为100、150、100、50 g/L时,综合加权评分最高,复水率相比于对照组分别提高了2.98%、12.76%、11.91%和7.13%。150 g/L海藻糖预处理对扇贝柱热泵干燥速率和品质特性的改善效果最优,与对照组相比,干燥时间缩短2 h,ΔE降低40%,硬度降低,复水率增加22.79%,综合加权评分提高12.76%。LF-NMR结果表明:热泵干燥过程中,扇贝柱含水率的降低主要取决于不易流动水的去除;适宜质量浓度渗透剂预处理后,扇贝柱中不易流动水干燥过程中迁移速率加快,自由水峰面积占比略有增加,但总体变化不大;结合水峰面积占比呈增加趋势,而不易流动水峰面积占比显著降低;扇贝柱横向弛豫时间随干燥进行向左偏移,水分子流动性变低。综合考虑,扇贝柱热泵干燥优化预处理条件为150 g/L海藻糖。In order to improve the heat pump drying(HPD)efficiency and improve the quality characteristics of dried scallop adductors,different kinds of osmotic agent(inulin,trehalose,maltodextrin and whey protein isolate)and mass concentrations(50 g/L,100 g/L and 150 g/L)were used to treated scallop adductors,and subsequently HPD was performed at temperature of 45℃and air velocity of 2 m/s.The effects of pretreatment with different osmotic agents on the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of scallop adductors were evaluated.The water state and distribution during HPD of scallop adductors were also analyzed based on low field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technology.The results showed that suitable osmotic agent pretreatment of inulin,trehalose,maltodextrin,and whey protein isolate could significantly improve the HPD rate,reduce the total color difference(ΔE)and improve the rehydration efficiency.Taking the comprehensive weighted score as the evaluation index,the optimal mass concentrations of inulin,trehalose,maltodextrin,and whey protein isolate were 100 g/L,150 g/L,100 g/L and 50 g/L,which were increased by 2.98%,12.76%,11.91%and 7.13%,respectively,compared with the control group.The trehalose treatment with a mass concentration of 150 g/L had the best advantage in improving the drying rate and quality characteristics of dried scallop adductors.Compared with the control group,the drying time was shortened by 2 h,ΔE decreased by 40%,the hardness decreased and the rehydration rate increased by 22.79%.The comprehensive weighted score increased by 12.76%compared with the control group.The LF-NMR results showed that the decrease of water content in scallop adductors during HPD mainly depended on the removal of immobilized water.After pretreatment with suitable concentration of osmotic agent,the migration rate of immobilized water in scallop column increased,the proportion of the free water peak area increased slightly,but the overall change was not significant.The proportion of the bound water peak area increa

关 键 词：扇贝柱 渗透剂预处理 热泵干燥 干燥品质 低场核磁共振 

分 类 号：TS254.4[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]