以中国为镜:莱布尼茨的理学研究  

China as a Mirror:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s Study of Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：张恒 Zhang Heng

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院国际儒学研究院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2022年第2期25-32,202,共9页International Sinology

摘　　要：莱布尼茨是17—18世纪“中学西渐”进程中的重要人物。莱氏的理学研究集中体现在晚年对传教士龙华民的批驳中,这种批驳整体上隶属于当时天主教内部的“中国礼仪之争”,即在华传教策略之争。莱氏对“理”确有独到见解,但他将“理”视作与“上帝”一般的精神性实体,并进而将理学视为有神论,却是对理学的曲解,这种曲解建立在莱氏业已形成的宗教观、哲学观基础之上。莱布尼茨的理学研究实为“以中国为镜”,并从中照见自身、确证自身的范式,对此的揭示有助于对莱布尼茨哲学及“中学西渐”的深入理解。Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was an important figure in the process of“spreading Chinese learning to the West”in the 17th and 18th centuries.Leibniz’s study of Neo-Confucianism was reflected in his criticism of the missionary Nicolas Longobardi in his later years,which was overall subordinate to the Chinese“Rites Controversy”within Catholicism at that time,namely the debate on missionary strategy in China.Leibniz had a unique view of“Li”(理),but he regarded it as a spiritual entity like“God”and then saw Confucianism as theism,which was based on his religious and philosophical ideas.Leibniz’s study of Neo-Confucianism was actually a paradigm of taking China as a mirror and confirmed itself from it.The revelation of this contributes to the deep understanding of Leibniz’s philosophy and the process of“spreading Chinese learning to the West”.

关 键 词：莱布尼茨 理学 龙华民 中国礼仪之争 中学西渐 

分 类 号：B516.22[哲学宗教—外国哲学]