夸美纽斯“自然感觉论”及其对学前教育的启示  

Comenius’Thought of“Natural Sensation Theory”and Its Enlightenment to Preschool Education

作　　者：李璇[1] 陈萍 LI Xuan;CHEN Ping(Zibo Teachers College;Middle School of 3rd Kindergarten,Zhangdian District)

机构地区：[1]淄博师范高等专科学校,山东淄博255000 [2]淄博市张店区第三幼儿园,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2022年第18期60-63,共4页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：山东省教改项目“教育戏剧在幼儿语言教育课程中的应用研究”(项目编号:2021417)的研究成果。

摘　　要：夸美纽斯“自然感觉论”思想汲取了欧洲文艺复兴时期的人文主义情怀,而其泛智论思潮的流布、自然适应性原则以及唯物主义感觉论又为其思想的形成奠定了基础。夸美纽斯提出的“天性和感觉出于自然”“感官是知识起源”“自然是知识领导”“敬畏儿童自然知觉”“只有身临其境才能获得自然感知”等思想,对于文艺复兴时期学前教育思想的变迁具有重大影响。基于夸美纽斯“自然感觉论”思想的学前教育策略为:从儿童天性出发开展“游戏教育”;把儿童的心理健康作为幼儿教育的重要支点;把道德教育作为儿童成长的必修课程;充分发挥母性在儿童成长过程中的引导作用,培养孩子谦逊和蔼的性格;要通过图画书开展儿童启蒙教育。Comenius absorbed the humanistic feelings of the European Renaissance in his thought of"natural sensation",and laid the foundation for the formation of his thought by means of the spread of pan-intellectualism,the principle of natural adaptability and the theory of materialist sensation.Comenius put forward the ideas of "nature and feeling coming from nature","sense originating from knowledge","nature being the leader of knowledge","reverence for children’s natural perception"and"only hy being on the scene can we obtain natural perception",which have a great impact on the changes of preschool-education thought in the Renaissance.To follow the preschool education of Comenius'thought,we must start from"children’s nature"and carry out"game education",take children's mental health as an important fulcrum of early childhood education,take moral education as a compulsory course for children's growth,give full play to the guiding role of motherhood in the process of children’s growth to cultivate children’s modest and kind character,and carry out children's enlightenment education through picture hooks.

关 键 词：夸美纽斯 “自然感觉论” 学前教育 教育理念 道德教育 游戏教育 图画教育 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]