阳明学“万物一体之仁”说析论——以河南王门后学王以悟、张信民为例  

On the Theory of"Benevolence of All Things as One"in Yangming School--Taking Wang Yiwu and Zhang Xinmin as Examples

作　　者：钟治国 Zhong Zhiguo

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院,西安710049

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第6期108-113,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“北方王门后学研究”(19BZX067)。

摘　　要：作为晚明河南地区传承阳明学的后学,王以悟和张信民以“万物一体之仁”为核心论题来阐发王阳明的良知学,赋予了阳明学突出的地方学派传承特色。二人皆主张道不远人、天人一理、道即此心,因此不必在心外求道、理。缘此,穷理、尽性、至命皆是一事,皆是此心、此性、此理、良知的本然呈露,表达为对万物一体之仁的追求。张信民多就恻隐说仁,因而在工夫上反对将“己”归于“一膜之内”,强调视人如己,以达至一体之仁。王以悟则强调不能自小其身、沦于私我,因而特重去除私欲对此心的遮蔽而复其本明,将天地万物皆涵融于此人人本有的一体之爱中。As the successors of Yangming school in Henan Province in the late Ming Dynasty,Wang Yiwu and Zhang Xinmin mainly expounded Wang Yangming′s theory of conscience with the core topic of"benevolence of all things as one",which had endowed Yangming school with outstanding characteristics of local school inheritance.Both of them held the point of view that Tao is not far away from people,Heaven and human beings are the same on the level of Tao,and Tao is the mind.Therefore,it is not necessary to seek Tao outside the mind.They thought that it is one thing to Qiong Li(穷理),to Jin Xing(尽性)and Zhi Ming(至命),which is manifested in the pursuit of the benevolence of all things as one.Zhang Xinmin mainly explained benevolence from compassion,so he opposed to regarding"oneself"as an isolated individual.He stressed that we should treat people as ourselves in order to achieve the benevolence of all things as one.Wang Yiwu emphasized that people should not treat themselves too narrowly,so he paid special attention to removing the cover of selfish desire and restoring their original state of observation to benevolence.

关 键 词：王以悟 张信民 道不远人 万物一体 仁 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]