基于中医英语语料库的中医术语英译标准研究  

Research on English translation standards of traditional Chinese medicine terms based on traditional Chinese medicine English corpus

作　　者：张喆[1] 徐丽[1] 闵玲[1] 姚秋慧[1] 张玥[1] ZHANG Zhe;XU Li;MIN Ling;YAO Qiuhui;ZHANG Yue(College of Foreign Languages,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shandong Province,Jinan 250355,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学外国语学院,山东济南250355

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2022年第20期189-193,共5页China Medical Herald

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(软科学项目)(2020RKB14177);山东省高等学校人文社科计划重点项目(J17RZ002);山东中医药大学青年科研创新团队(社会科学类)。

摘　　要：目的比较世界中医药学会联合会颁布的《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》(ISNTCM)和世界卫生组织颁布的《WHO西太区传统医学名词术语国际标准》(ISTTM)两大中医术语英译标准在论文发表实践中的使用情况。方法收集两大标准的原始资料并转换为Excel和TXT格式,统计各自的词组和单词数量。收集《中医杂志》英文版和《美洲中国医学杂志》自创刊以来至2019年9月发表的中医药论文共计202篇,建成小型的中医英语语料库,检索两大标准的词组和单词在语料库中的词频。结果两大标准的共有单词超过了各自的特有单词,提示其核心词素基本一致,但是由于搭配的不同导致各自的特有词组多于共有词组。检索两大标准在语料库中的词频发现,同一中文术语所对应的英译,ISNTCM的词频一般高于ISTTM的词频,提示ISNTCM在中医药论文发表实践中的被接受程度高于ISTTM。结论中医术语英译标准既要符合中医学、语言学等学科的语言规约性,又要遵循“约定俗成”的原则。以语料库为工具,检验已有标准在实践中的使用情况,为理论研究提供实证证据支持,是解决理论层面争议的有效手段。此外本研究也表明可以尝试语料库技术建立中医术语英译词典或英译标准。Objective To compare the application of two mainstream English translation standards of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)terminologies in published research papers:International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine(ISNTCM)by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies and WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(ISTTM)by World Health Organization.Methods Terminologies from the two standards were collected and processed into Excel and Txt files to count their numbers of words and phrases.A total of 202 papers on TCM published by English edition of Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and American Journal of Chinese Medicine from its inception to September 2019 were collected,and a small TCM English corpus was built.The word frequency of two standard phrases and words in the corpus were retrieved.Results The shared words in the two major standards were more than their unique words,indicating that their core morphemes were basically the same,but due to the difference in collocations,there were more unique phrases than the common ones in the two standards.Besides,it was shown that for the terminologies corresponding to the same Chinese meaning,the word frequency of ISNTCM was generally higher than that of ISTTM,indicating that ISNTCM was more popular than ISTTM in published TCM research papers.Conclusion English translation standard of TCM terminology should not only conform to the rules of TCM,linguistics and other disciplines,but also follow the principle of“conventional practice”.Sampling the practical use of existing standards using corpus technology provides empirical evidence support for the related theoretical researches and functions as an effective way to resolve theoretical disputes.Besides,this study also shows that corpus technology might be applied to compile the English dictionary or to establish the English standard for TCM terminologies.

关 键 词：世界中医药学会联合会 世界卫生组织 中医术语英译 语料库 词频 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]