谁愿意让孩子接受中等职业教育——基于对“三州”地区15428名初三学生家长的调查  

Who Are Willing to Send Their Children to Secondary Vocational Schools?——A Survey of 15,428 Parents of Ninth Graders in "Three Autonomous Prefectures"

作　　者：沈有禄[1] Shen Youlu(the School of Education,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学教育学院,海口571158

出　　处：《教育研究》2022年第7期114-125,共12页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2018年度一般项目“‘三州’地区高中普及攻坚与普职协调发展研究”(项目编号:18BMZ076)的研究成果。

摘　　要：国家对中等职业技术技能人才仍然保持强劲需求的背景下,研究家长让孩子接受中等职业教育的意愿与提升策略非常有必要。通过对“三州”地区15 428名初三学生家长的调查发现,家长愿意让孩子上中等职业学校的比例为37.3%,高于不愿意的比例。总体上,社会经济地位、家庭文化资本比较低阶层的家长更愿意让孩子上中等职业学校,尤其以农民、农民工、工人、无业的城镇居民居多。家长愿意让孩子上中等职业学校,主要是由于外在因素,如孩子成绩差、孩子的兴趣爱好等,以及出于减轻家庭受教育成本的考虑,而不是中等职业教育的技术技能育人特质与教学质量及管理水平所带来的吸引力。要提升家长让孩子接受中等职业教育的意愿,从中期来看,各种政策激励措施所发挥的边际激励效应由高到低依次是:提升中等职业学校毕业生的工资福利待遇、使中等职业学校毕业生更容易找到工作、提高当地中等职业学校的教学质量与实训水平、提高学校管理水平、增加外省对口帮扶学校及本省省会优质中等职业学校对当地的招生数;而学费减免及助学金的增加的边际激励效应是最低的。China has a strong demand for technical and skilled workers from secondary vocational schools;in this context,we need to probe into parents’ willingness to send their children to secondary vocational schools,and the strategies to strengthen their willingness. This study,based on a survey of 15,428 parents of ninth graders in "three autonomous prefectures," reveals findings as follows:The parents who were willing to send their children to secondary vocational schools accounted for 37.3%,a higher percentage than that of those parents who were not willing to do so;on the whole,the parents belonging to the disadvantaged group with a low social-economic status and low cultural capital within the family,especially farmers,migrant workers,workers and unemployed urban residents,were more willing to send their children to secondary vocational schools,mainly due to external factors,such as their children’s poor academic performance and hobbies or interests,as well as their expectation to reduce the costs of education within the family,rather than the attraction from the skill-oriented talent training,teaching quality,and school management in secondary vocational education. In the long run,to improve parents’ willingness to send their children to secondary vocational schools,the related sectors need to take incentive measures based on the high-to-low marginal incentive effect,including raising the salaries and welfare benefits for graduates from secondary vocational schools and offering them more opportunities to find jobs,improving the teaching quality,technical training and management quality of secondary vocational schools,increasing the paired-up assistance from other provinces in student enrollments and the student enrollments from high-quality secondary vocational schools in provincial capitals,and decreasing the tuition fee and increasing student grants.

关 键 词：中等职业教育 升学意愿 学生家长 “三州”地区 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]