分段是视频学习的有效方式吗?  

Does Segmentation Facilitate Video Learning?

作　　者：王燕青 杨晓梦 赵婷婷 高春颍 张洋 赵庆柏[1] 王福兴[1] 胡祥恩[1] WANG Yanqing;YANG Xiaomeng;ZHAO Tingting;GAO Chunying;ZHANG Yang;ZHAO Qingbai;WANG Fuxing;HU Xiang'en(School of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2022年第4期600-608,共9页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771236);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU19TD019)。

摘　　要：教育心理学中的分段原则认为,将视频学习材料分割成几个小片段进行学习的效果更好。以往关于分段的研究通过两个角度的操纵考察了分段在学习中的作用,一方面是交互性角度,学习者自己控制的分段及系统分段;另一方面是结构性角度,分段是在任意时间点划分和有意义时间点上划分。通过对以往研究结果的整理发现,大部分研究证明分段学习相较于连续学习的成绩更好,并且能降低学习者在学习过程中的感知难度,提高积极的情感状态,但是对心理努力的影响比较微弱。研究者们从事件分割理论和认知负荷理论的视角对分段的效果做出了解释。未来研究需要继续关注分段的边界条件、拓宽研究的范围、探究分段的认知神经基础等不断完善分段原则在教学中的应用。Recently, videos(animations, educational videos) are increasingly used in instructional materials and computer-based learning. A number of methods have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of video learning. One of them is segmentation, which involves showing animations or learning materials in time segmented pieces. Previous studies have examined the role of segmentation in learning through two kinds of manipulation. On the one hand, the segmentation was controlled by the learners or the system. On the other hand, the dynamic visualization was divided into smaller units of information at meaningless or meaningful time points. However, it remained unclear about the effects of segmentation. In this article, we reviewed studies regarding segmentation of video on learning outcomes and subjective perceptions. It was found that the segmentation was conducive to learning, and reduced perceived difficulty. Moreover, students expressed positive affective about the segmented learning style. The event segmentation theory and cognitive load theory have been used as theoretical foundations for predicting or explaining the positive effects of segmentation. In future research, we should continue to explore the segmentation from the perspectives of the boundary conditions, active pauses, the cognitive neural basis, and so on.

关 键 词：分段 视频学习 学习效果 事件分割理论 认知负荷理论 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]