增强应对食品危机的韧性  

Strengthen the Resilience on Response to Food Crisis

作　　者：Jessica L.Guarino Branley R.Windings A.Bryan Endres 姚世玉(编译) 孙娟娟(编译) Jessica L.Guarino;Branley R.Windings;A.Bryan Endres;YAO Shi-yu;SUN Juan-juan(University of Illinois,Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics;University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,College of Law;College of Humanities of Agricultural University of Hebei;Collaborative Innovation Center for food safety governance,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]University of Illinois,Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics [2]University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,College of Law [3]河北农业大学人文社会科学学院 [4]中国人民大学食品安全治理协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国食品药品监管》2022年第7期76-97,共22页China Food & Drug Administration Magazine

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情扰乱了人们的日常生活,给美国的食品供应造成严重影响。食品杂货店的货架空空如也,农产品滞留农田任其腐烂,牛奶被倾倒浪费而不是用于销售,这些都是美国食品体系脆弱性的体现。将地方和区域食品作为现有生产和分销渠道的补充来源,可纠正食品体系的韧性问题,这或许可以抵抗新冠肺炎疫情对食品体系造成的严重冲击。本文指出了美国工业食品供应链的弱点,即过度重视开发和经济增益,忽视对食品供应链韧性的关注,并进一步描述了新冠肺炎疫情大流行加速这些弱点暴露的途径。首先,本文描述了新冠肺炎疫情的暴发对食品供应链造成的一系列破坏,如供需失衡、食物浪费、粮食安全系统性风险加剧等;其次,本文全面概述了当前美国政府所面临的危机和灾难响应规划,并指出了这些规划和政策是如何落实到地方和区域食物来保障食品供应,又或者无视该内容及其问题。最后,本文提出将地方和区域食品资源纳入政府规划,将地方和区域私营实体的参与视为最有希望的变革路径,如食品政策委员会、农贸市场和食品银行等。The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people’s daily life and seriously affected the U.S.food supply.Empty shelves in grocery stores,agricultural productions“rotting on the vine”,and gallons of milk dumped rather than sold manifested the fragile nature of the U.S.food system.Rectifying issues of resilience by incorporating local and regional food sources as supplementary to the existing channels of production and distribution may have prevented such a harsh shock to the food system.This article focus on defects of the existing food system in the U.S.,and recommends methods of integrating local and regional food supplies to increase resiliency.And it identifies the weaknesses of American industrial food supply chain,that is,excessive emphasis on development and economic gain,however,ignoring the focus on the resilience of the food supply chain,and further describes the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these points of failure.Firstly,this article depicts some of the disruptions to the food supply chain stemming from consequences of the pandemic such as issues with matching supply to demand,wasting large quantities of food,and exacerbating systemic food insecurity.Secondly,this article provides a comprehensive overview of the crisis and disaster response planning faced by government,and points out how these plans and policies are incorporated or ignored on implementing local and regional food into the greater food supply.Finally,this article proposes to integrate local and regional food sources into government planning,and identifies the participation of local and regional private entities such as food policy councils,farmers’markets,and food banks as the most promising vehicles for change.

关 键 词：食品供应 食品危机 食品体系 韧性 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]