景观感知下城市公园儿童自然教育实现途径  

On Children’s Nature-Based Education in Urban Parks from Perspective of Landscape Perception

作　　者：张祖涵 杨艺红[2] ZHANG Zuhan;YANG Yihong(Nanjing Agricultural University;Nanjing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学 [2]南京林业大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第4期100-111,共12页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：随着公园城市新概念的提出,城市公园的建设得到了更多关注,但是城市公园的儿童自然教育功能并未得到全面而丰富的实现。基于五感感知的教育反馈性与城市公园的便利可达性,本文从景观感知的角度出发,对城市公园中儿童自然教育功能的实现途径进行探究。首先,依据《城市绿地分类标准CJJ/T 85—2017》,对南京地区若干个不同类型的公园绿地中自然教育承载因素的实现状况进行调研,选取玄武湖公园、红山森林动物园、南湖公园与和平广场分别作为综合公园、专类公园、社区公园和游园的代表,结合小学自然实践课程的活动体验来阐述分析现有设计的概况。同时,利用AHP的评价手段,将自然植物教育、自然动物教育和自然非生物教育作为准则层,并依据视觉、听觉、触觉和嗅觉划分将以上准则层分为12个方案层,建立自然教育因素因子权重体系,采取专家咨询法得出不同因素的因子权重。最后,将因子权重体系的数据结果与实地调研现状分析相结合,探讨未来不同类型城市公园绿地在儿童感官自然教育方面的实现途径,以期从景观感知视角,为我国城市公园开展儿童自然教育活动提供参考。With the proposal of the new concept of park city, the construction of urban parks has received more and more attention, but the functions of urban parks in children’s nature-based education have not been fully realized. Based on the educational feedback of perception and the accessibility of urban parks, this paper aims to explore the ways to realize the functions of urban parks from the perspective of landscape perception.According to the Classification Standard of Urban Green Space CJJT 185-2017, this paper investigated the implementation of nature-based education factors in different types of urban parks and green space in Nanjing.Xuanwu Lake Park, Hongshan Forest Zoo, Nanhu Park and Heping Square were selected as representatives of comprehensive parks, theme parks, community parks and amusement parks respectively. The activities of natural practice course in primary schools were analyzed to study the general situation of existing design.Using the evaluation approach of AHP, the plant education, animal education and non-biological education were taken as the criterion layers of nature-based education, and the above criterion layers were divided into twelve scheme layers based on the division of vision, hearing, touch and smell. The factor weight system of nature-based education factors was established, and the weights of different factors were obtained through expert consultation. Finally, combining the data results of the factor weight system with the analysis of the current situation of field research, this paper discussed the ways to realize the functions of different types of urban parks and green space in children’s nature-based education in the future in order to provide relevant references from the perspective of landscape perception.

关 键 词：儿童 自然缺失 景观感知 城市公园 自然教育 层次分析法 

分 类 号：TU986.5[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]