基于火麻仁资源综合价值的蛋白提取工艺研究  

Research on Protein Extraction Method of Comprehensive Value of Hemp Seed

作　　者：苏芳芳 杨光[2] 张娇 郑玉光 钱丹[3] Su Fangfang;Yang Gang;Zhang Jiao;Zheng Yuguang;Qian Dan(College of Pharmacy Hebei University of Chinese Medicine,Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050200;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;Experimental Research Center,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700;Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College,Shijiazhuang 050026)

机构地区：[1]河北中医学院药学院,河北省中药炮制技术创新中心,石家庄050200 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院医学实验中心,北京100700 [4]河北化工医药职业技术学院,石家庄050026

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2022年第8期13-19,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03907);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(ZZ13-YQ-079)。

摘　　要：火麻仁富含油脂、蛋白和微量元素,具有极高的开发价值。本研究从火麻仁油和蛋白得率、脂肪酸及氨基酸含量综合角度,建立资源价值最大化的火麻仁蛋白质提取工艺。对不同榨油方式获得的火麻仁油进行脂肪酸成分分析;比较不同榨油方式所得火麻仁粕提取蛋白的得率、纯度和氨基酸组成差异;通过单因素考察和正交实验优化火麻仁蛋白提取工艺。结果表明火麻仁油富含不饱和脂肪酸,冷榨和热榨对火麻仁油得率和脂肪酸组成无显著影响;碱提酸沉法提取冷榨粕和热榨粕粗蛋白质提取率分别为11.38%和2.23%,纯度分别为79.67%和67.33%;冷榨粕蛋白必需氨基酸质量分数为29.87%,高于热榨粕蛋白的23.93%;通过单因素考察和正交实验研究,火麻仁蛋白最佳提取条件为:温度60℃,pH 10.5,提取时间50 min,料液比1∶15,在此条件下蛋白得率为(20.87±3.16)%。研究表明,冷榨法能够获得优质火麻仁油和火麻仁蛋白,碱提酸沉法适合火麻仁蛋白的工业化生产,对火麻仁资源综合利用、火麻仁油和蛋白的开发具有借鉴意义。Hemp seed is rich in oil,protein and microelement,having highdevelopment potentials.In the presentstudy,the extraction process of hemp protein with maximum resource value was established from the comprehensive perspective of the yield of hempoil and protein,the contents of fatty acid and amino acid.The fatty acid composition of hemp oil obtained by different extracting methods was analyzed.The yield,purity and amino acid composition of protein extracted from hemp meal were compared.The extraction process of hemp protein was optimized by single factor investigation and orthogonal experiment.The results indicated that,hemp oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids.The yield and fatty acid composition of hemp seed oil were not significantly affected between cold pressing and hot pressing.The crude protein extraction rates of cold-pressed meal and hot-pressed meal were 11.38%and 2.23%,and the purity was 79.67%and 67.33%,respectively.The content of essential amino acids in cold pressed meal protein was 29.87%,higher than that in hot pressed meal protein(23.93%).Through single factor investigation and orthogonal experiment,the optimal extraction conditions of hemp protein were:temperature of 60℃,pH of 10.5,extraction time of 50 min,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15.Under these conditions,the protein yield was(20.87±3.16)%.The present study indicated that cold pressing methodcanobtain high-quality hemp seed oil and protein.Alkali extraction and acid precipitation method was suitable for industrial production of hemp protein.The present study had reference significance for comprehensive utilization of hemp seed resources and development of hemp seed oil and protein.

关 键 词：火麻仁油 蛋白提取 氨基酸 

分 类 号：TS201.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]