禁锢与释放:学校特色发展视域中的办学自主权  

Imprisonment and Release: School Autonomy in the Perspective of School Specialization

作　　者：范涌峰 Fan Yongfeng(The Faculty of Education Southwest University,National"2011l Collaborative Innovation Center"China basic education quality monitoring Collaborative Innovation Center Southwest University sub center,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部 [2]西南大学基础教育研究中心 [3]中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心西南大学分中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2022年第12期45-53,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2019年度教育学青年课题“我国普通高中特色发展指数构建与应用研究”(CHA190267);国家“2011协同创新中心”北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心重大成果培育性项目“校长办学自主权落实情况调查研究”(2020-06-021-BZPK01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：办学自主权是影响学校教育质量的重要因素,也是学校特色发展的基本前提。从根本上来说,扩大学校办学自主权的目的在于激发学校办学活力,促进学校特色发展和学生个性发展。以这一尺度衡量当前学校办学自主权现实状况,基于校长深度访谈,发现还普遍存在以下问题:第一,越权,即政府“过度干预”导致学校特色的“变味”;第二,缺权,即“自主缺失”导致学校特色的“一厢情愿”;第三,权责不分,即“边界模糊”导致学校特色的“两难境地”。基于办学自主权的四种类型划分,实现学校办学自主权的释放和增能,需综合从权力主体(政府)、权力客体(学校)、权力自身及权力运行机制四方面予以加强,即他者赋能:学校办学自主权的合法性扩充;自我释能:学校办学自主权的合目的性运用;协同增能:学校办学自主权的合力性建构;问责督权:学校办学自主权的合理性规约。School autonomy is not only an important factor affecting the quality of school education, but also the basic premise of school specialization. Fundamentally speaking, the purpose of expanding school autonomy is to stimulate the vitality of schools and school specialization and the development of students’ personality. Based on the in-depth interview with principals, it is found that there are still following problems existing, including: overstepping the authority, which refers to "transitional intervention" of government leading to "going sour" of school specialization;lack of power,,which refers to "lack of autonomy" leading to "wishful thinking" of school specialization;no clear distinction between power and responsibility, which refers to "fuzzy boundary" leading to "dilemma" of school specialization. Based on the division of the four state types of school autonomy, to enhance and give full play to the school autonomy, we should comprehensively strengthen it from the four aspects, including the subject(government),object(school), power and power operating mechanism. The measures are as following: empowerment by others, which means expanding school autonomy legally;self-release of power, which means using power with the principle of purpose-corresponding;synergistic empowerment, which means enhancing school autonomy jointly;accountability and supervision, which means the regulating school autonomy rationally.

关 键 词：学校办学自主权 学校特色发展 学校活力 校长 

分 类 号：G47[文化科学—教育学]