对口供补强规则运用逻辑的再思考——以防范虚假补强风险为切入点  

Reconsideration of the Application Logic of the Rule of Reinforcement of Oral Confession: Starting from Preventing the Risk of False Reinforcement

作　　者：李育林 LI Yu-lin(School of Law,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,成都610207

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2022年第3期129-141,共13页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“刑事庭审中对质程序实证研究”(20BFX079)。

摘　　要：我国司法解释确立的口供补强规则是证明力规则,而非证据能力规则,旨在解决供述的真实性而非自愿性。其存在两种进路:一是公开性补强,补强证据既能补强口供的证明力,又能独立证明某个案件事实;二是隐蔽性补强,通过对供述“个体知识”的发现来补强口供以证明案件事实。口供补强规则存在极大的虚假补强风险,必须从自身逻辑构建与补强适用异化两个维度加以区分。前者的实质是证明犯罪事实已经发生的罪体补强,后者的实质是通过知密信息的解密推断供述的可靠性。要想在庭审实质化的背景下准确运用口供补强规则,必须严格防范被告人的虚假供述、补强信息源的污染以及补强规则把握不严等适用风险。应该说,这种结合虚假供述形成原理和对补强强度影响因素的考察方法,对补强规则的构建有所裨益。The confession reinforcement rules established by our judicial interpretations are proof regulations, not capacity rules of evidence. It aims to address the authenticity and involuntary nature of the confession. There are two approaches: one is public reinforcement, which can not only strengthen the weight of proof of the statement, but also independently prove the facts of a case;the second is the concealed reinforcement, which proves the facts of the case by reinforcing the confession through the discovery of “individual knowledge” of the statement. There is a great risk of false reinforcement in confession reinforcement rules, which must be distinguished from the two dimensions of its own logical construction and reinforcement application alienation. The essence of the proposition is to reinforce the crime body to prove that the criminal acts have occurred, and the essence of the latter is to infer the reliability of confession through the decryption of confidential information. In order to accurately apply the rules of confession reinforcement in the context of the substantive trial, we must strictly guard against the application risks of the defendant?s false confession, the pollution of the source of reinforcement information by the investigative organs and the lax grasp of the rules of confession reinforcement by the courts. It should be said that the combination of the formation principle of false confession and the investigation method of the influencing factors of reinforcement strength is of great benefit to the construction of localized reinforcement rules.

关 键 词：有罪供述 虚假供述 虚假补强 口供补强规则 庭审实质化 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]