食品安全风险评估的应用及其发展趋势  

Application and Development Trend of Food Safety Risk Assessment

作　　者：孙娟娟 焦璐[1] SUN Juan-juan;JIAO Lu(College of Humanities of Agricultural University of Hebei;Collaborative Innovation Center for food safety governance,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学人文社会科学学院 [2]中国人民大学食品安全治理协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国食品药品监管》2022年第8期80-89,共10页China Food & Drug Administration Magazine

基　　金：《中国食品药品监管》杂志创新技术支持下的食品安全风险评估与行政监管关系研究项目。

摘　　要：食品安全风险的事前防控避免了不可逆转的健康乃至生命损害。作为风险分析的一个职能,风险评估为识别风险与危害提供了技术支持,继而为风险管理和风险交流提供了科学依据。无论是风险评估与风险管理的分离模式还是风险评估嵌入风险管理的融合模式,风险管理中的决策执行依旧需要对食品安全相关的风险评估工作进行投入,以匹配有限的监管资源。因此,食品安全监管开始探索风险评估的适用方式,如利用风险监测、风险评价等来确定对食品、生产经营者的检查频率。无论是基于自然科学的风险评估还是融入行政监管的风险评估,食品检测都是识别问题的重要方法。面对科技创新带来的新机遇,我国的食品领域的发展规划以及欧盟和美国的制度回应都已着眼于以科技的前沿性来提升监管的前瞻性。The prior prevention and control of food safety risk has avoided irreversible damages to human health and life. As a function of risk analysis, risk assessment provides technical support for identifying risks and hazards, which in turn provides the scientific basis for risk management and risk communication. Whether it is a separation model to organize risk assessment and management or an integrated model to embed risk assessment into risk management, implementation of risk management decision still requires arrangement of risk assessment related to food safety to distribute limited regulator resources. Therefore, food safety regulation engages in exploring the application of risk assessment, such as using risk monitoring and risk evaluation to determine the frequency of inspection against food categories or food business operators. Either in the risk assessment based on nature science or risk assessment embedded into regulation, food testing is an important method for identifying food safety problems. In the face of new opportunities brought by scientific and technology innovation, our national development planning in the food field and institutional arrangement in Europe and the United States have focused on improving the foresight of regulation by taking advantage of the cutting-edge technology.

关 键 词：食品安全 风险评估 行政监管 检测 监管科学 

分 类 号：TS201[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]