看电视对幼儿执行功能的即时与长时影响——基于一项追踪研究的发现  

A Longitudinal Study on the Present and Long Effects of Television on Children’s Executive Function

作　　者：熊怡程 喻昊雪 刘玉平[2] 李卉 XIONG Yicheng;YU Haoxue;LIU Yuping;LI Hui(School of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan430079 China;The Kindergarten of Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079 China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学幼儿园,武汉430079

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2022年第8期53-63,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“儿童区分真实和虚幻的神经机制:年龄特征和影响因素”(编号:31700968)。

摘　　要：执行功能是幼儿诸多方面发展的心理基础,电子媒体对幼儿执行功能的发展有着重要影响。本研究采取间隔6个月、持续1年的追踪设计,利用交叉滞后分析,验证看电视对幼儿执行功能的即时与长时影响。结果发现,随着时间的推移,幼儿12个月后的执行功能得分显著高于幼儿在研究开始时和6个月时的执行功能得分;在研究开始、6个月和12个月这3个时间点上,幼儿周末看电视的时间都显著多于平时;在这3个时间点上,幼儿每周看电视时间均与其执行功能呈负相关,表明看电视对幼儿执行功能有即时的消极影响,但是看电视不能长时预测幼儿的执行功能,表明看电视时间与幼儿执行功能的纵向关联不显著。为保护幼儿的执行功能不受电视的即时负面影响,父母应避免让幼儿过早接触电视,科学控制幼儿的电视收看行为,丰富幼儿假期在家的一日生活,增加亲子相处时间,用现实游戏等真实互动代替媒体形式的活动。To examine the relationship between weekly television viewing time and executive function in children aged 2-5 years,this study used a cross-lagged regression analysis with a six-month interval and a one-year follow-up design.The results showed that children’s executive function after 12 months was higher than their executive function after 6 months and initially.At the three time points,children spent significantly more time watching TV on weekends than on weekdays,and weekly TV time was significantly and negatively associated with children’s executive function.But television viewing was not a long-term predictor of children’s executive function.Therefore,parents should be rational about the effects of televi sion on young children.To protect children’s executive function from the negative effects of television,parents are advised to rationalize children’s daily life,increase parent-child time together,and replace media forms of activities with real interactions.

关 键 词：执行功能 电视 电子媒体 学前儿童 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]