美国残疾人职业康复发展的政策演进与实践模式  

Policy Evolution and Practice Mode of Vocational Rehabilitation Development for the Individuals With Disabilities in America

作　　者：陆莎[1] 傅王倩[2] LU Sha;FU Wangqian(Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100031;Institute of Special Education,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京教育科学研究院,北京100031 [2]北京师范大学教育学部特殊教育研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2022年第8期49-54,共6页Modern Special Education

基　　金：共青团中央中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心“西方意识形态对青少年价值观的影响研究”(19TZTSKC020);全国教育科学“十三五”规划2016年度教育部重点课题“我国残疾人高考政策优化路径研究”(DIA160328)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：残疾人的职业康复不仅是残疾人权利的体现,也直接影响着社会和经济的进步。美国残疾人的职业康复经过近一个世纪的发展,表现出生存保障、社会融合、潜能开发三个阶段性特点;在联邦和州政府的组织架构支持下,形成了康复咨询师服务模式、就业安置专员服务模式、合约式服务模式和支持性就业辅导模式四种服务模式。基于此,结合我国残疾人职业教育的现实,提出政府应健全职业教育法律体系、在政策制定上兼顾“残疾人职业生涯导向”以及推进多元主体依职能参与的政策建议。Vocational rehabilitation for individuals with disabilities is not only the embodiment of the rights of the disabled,but also directly affects the social and economic progress.After nearly a century of development,the vocational rehabilitation of the disabled in America shows three stages features of survival guarantee,social integration and potential development.With the support of the federal and state government’s organizational structure,four service modes,namely rehabilitation consultant service mode,employment placement specialist service mode,contract service mode and supportive employment counseling mode,have been formed.Based on this,combined with the reality of vocational education for the disabled in China,it is suggested that the government should improve the legal system of vocational education,take into account the“career orientation of the disabled”in policy making,and promote the participation of multiple subjects according to their functions.

关 键 词：残疾人 职业康复 职业教育 就业 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]