工科毕业生通用能力失配的现状与影响因素  

The Generic Competencies Mismatch of Engineering Graduates and its Influencing Factors

作　　者：余天佐[1] 顾希垚 Yu Tianzuo;Gu Xiyao

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学教育学院 [2]上海交通大学学生就业服务与职业发展中心

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2022年第5期43-49,共7页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“高等工程教育学生学习整合性评估工具编制研究”(19YJC880120)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能时代专业技术迭代的飞速发展及职业流动步伐的日益加快,工程通用能力失配成为影响工程师个体职业成功和社会经济繁荣的隐在问题。教育界应当关照产业界工程师通用能力失配现象,反思、改进教育过程,增强工程技术人才培养的社会适应性。基于产业界工科毕业生的调查数据,采用IPA方法,发现工科毕业生在工程知识、领导力、问题解决、工程设计、学习和沟通、职业态度六大维度53个通用能力指标上均存在明显失配,特别是专业前沿、谈判、演讲、组织管理、创造和创新、外语和国际视野、沟通和文献研究等能力亟待提升;科研项目经历、专利申请经历、技术岗位、工作资历对通用能力失配均有显著影响,而学术论文发表对通用能力失配的影响不显著。基于调查结果,提出高等工程教育课程改革和工科毕业生继续教育的若干建议。With the rapid development of professional technology iteration and the accelerating pace of job mobility in the era of artificial intelligence, mismatching of engineering generic competencies has become a hidden problem that affects the career success of individual engineers and the prosperity of national economy. Based on the survey data of engineering graduates in the industry, using IPA method, it is found that there are obvious mismatches in 53 generic competencies indicators of engineering graduates in six dimensions. It is also found that the experience of research project and patent application, technical post and service years have a significant impact on the generic competencies mismatch, while paper publication experience has no significant impact on the generic competencies mismatch. Suggestions on curriculum reform of higher engineering education and continuing education of engineering graduates are put forward.

关 键 词：工科毕业生 通用能力 能力失配 IPA 调查 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] TB-4[文化科学—教育学]