束之不观,抑或遍及村野——《小学》道德启蒙教育的历史图景“再呈现”及现代教育启示  

Leave it alone,or Popular in Villages——The“Representation”of the Historical Picture of theEnlightenment Education Primerand Its Modern Enlightenment

作　　者：许至 XU Zhi(Marxism School and Chinese Traditional Culture Research Center,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2022年第4期112-122,共11页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学青年项目“文化自信视阈下的传统蒙学教育思想及当代价值研究”[2019EKS003]。

摘　　要：《小学》虽因内容艰涩、语言拗口而受到指摘,却得到了帝王、最高教育机构、地方官员与知名儒者的大力表彰、刊刻与颁布,并成为宗室小学、各级官办小学的“课业”或“考试”必读教科书,甚至民间私塾中亦有它“活跃”的身影。《小学》与基础性强、普及度高的“三、百、千”并非同一阶段的启蒙读物,其内容具有提高性。它的目标读者偏向高龄学段或基础知识扎实的“小学生”,乃至道德修养工夫较低的成人初学者。总之,一方面,《小学》自南宋至清末在官办道德启蒙教育领域得到了广泛传播;另一方面,在民间私塾所需求的通俗性强的道德启蒙教育领域《小学》并不十分受青睐。We try to“present”the true historical picture of the Enlightenment Education Primer,from the official attitudes and actions in the past dynasties,the teaching experience of folk scholars and teachers,and the application of public and private schools,so as to solve the controversy whether this book is widely spread in enlightenment morals.Although the Enlightenment Education Primer,was criticized by some readers for its profound and difficult content and obscure language,it was praised,printed and promulgated by emperors,the highest educational institutions,local officials,and well-known Confucians.At the same time,it has become a required textbook for“class”or“examination”in government-run primary schools at all levels,and it seems to be“active”even in rural private schools.After investigation,it is found that the Enlightenment Education Primer is not the same stage of enlightenment readings as Three-Character Canon,Family Names and Thousand-Character Primer.Its target readers are the elder children during the primary school with solid basic knowledge,and even adult beginners with moral training skills,which shows that the content seems to be advanced.Therefore,on the one hand,the Enlightenment Education Primer,from the Southern Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty,has been disseminated most widely in the government-run moral enlightenment education field,even with compulsory reading.On the other hand,it is not so much“favored”by private village schools because the educational purpose is simple and basic.

关 键 词：《小学》 道德启蒙教育 历史图景 朱熹 

分 类 号：G629.299[文化科学—教育学]