汉语学习词典单双音同义动词释义模式区分度的实证研究  

On the Discrimination Degree of Definition Modes between one-syllable andtwo-syllable Verbal Synonymsin Chinese Learner’s Dictionaries

作　　者：李琪 李红印[1] LI Qi;Li Hong-yin(Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《汉语学习》2022年第5期92-102,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“韵律—结构—语义界面的汉语词法研究”(项目编号:20YJA740032);教育部中外语言交流与合作中心一般项目“面向国际中文教育的学术语体研究”(项目编号:21YH39C)资助;北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务专项资金)(项目编号:20PT01)。

摘　　要：单双音对应的同义词是汉语二语词汇学习的重难点,当前汉语学习词典释义并未充分体现两词间的差异。本文以四部汉语学习词典中76对单双音同义动词的释义为对象,归纳出八种释义模式,并使用语料库分析、二语者区分度评分、回顾性访谈相结合的实证方法,考察其体现的单双音同义动词间差异的区分度。结果显示,不同释义模式的区分度为:词语辨析>概念义加附注>微殊释义>对释加限定>并用他词释>他词释>对释>全同释义。影响区分度的主要因素为释义模式是否为语词释义。最后,分析了不同时期学习词典的释义区分度,发现近几年有所改善,但仍有区分度低的释义新近出版。The definitions of synonyms in learner’s dictionaries should have a high degree of discrimination. Synonyms corresponding to single and double syllables, are one of the difficult type in vocabulary learning for CSL learners. However, definitions in learner’s dictionaries cannot fully show their differences. This study takes the definitions of 76 pairs of one-syllable and two-syllable verbal synonyms in four Chinese learner’s dictionaries as the object,summarizes 8 kinds of definition modes, and uses empirical methods that combines corpus analysis, test for CSL learners, and interviews to investigate their discrimination degrees. The result indicates that the discrimination degree varies among different definition modes. The main factor that affecting the degree is whether the definition mode is “word definition” or “sentence definition”, but whether the corresponding Vor Vappears in the definition has no significant effect on it. Finally, this study compares the number of definitions of 8 modes in dictionaries in different periods, and finds that the newly published Dictionary has improved a lot in terms of discrimination degree of the definition modes. However, some low discrimination degree modes are still used in it.

关 键 词：汉语学习词典 单双音同义动词 释义模式 区分度 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]