爱欲、辩证法与书写——通向《斐德罗篇》的三种现象学解释  

Erōs, Dialectic and Writing:Three Kinds of Phenomenological Interpretations toward the Phaedrus

作　　者：陈治国[1] CHEN Zhiguo

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院暨现象学与中国文化研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第9期34-46,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“现象学视域下的友爱哲学研究”(项目编号:19AZX012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为中晚期柏拉图对话中最复杂的作品之一,《斐德罗篇》不仅向来是古典学界的研究重点与难点,而且也极大地触动了20世纪现象学家的强烈兴趣,其中,尤以海德格尔、伽达默尔和德里达等为著。这三位现象学家分别着重围绕爱欲、辩证法以及书写等议题对《斐德罗篇》展开的种种哲学解释表明,他们在不同程度上都将柏拉图哲学——鉴于它或者遗忘了存在和美,或者遗忘了语言,或者遗忘了书写——看作支配整个传统西方哲学发展历程和模式的形而上学的柏拉图主义之源头,但柏拉图哲学本身的丰富内蕴不仅使其仍以十分积极且重要的方式参与着现象学道路的开辟与扩展,而且也是现时代条件下反思、批评乃至转化柏拉图主义传统不可或缺的资源。这些各富特色的哲学解释,作为三位现象学家就自身关切的主题与柏拉图文本进行“思想碰撞”的产物,先后带出了不同的柏拉图形象,即“没有苏格拉底的柏拉图”(海德格尔)、“重新苏格拉底化的柏拉图”(伽达默尔)以及“在书写中悼念着苏格拉底的柏拉图”(德里达)。这些不同的柏拉图形象也映射了三位现象学家各自的思想重心与运思方式上的差异和关联,以及他们在存在与伦理关系这一重要问题上的基本姿态。As one of the most complex dialogues in the middle and late Platonic period, the Phaedrus has not only always been a focus and difficulty in classical studies, but also has aroused strong interest of many phenomenologists in the 20th century, especially Heidegger, Gadamer and Derrida. The various philosophical interpretations of the Phaedrus by these three phenomenologists, focusing on erōs, dialectic, and writing respectively, show that they all, to varying degrees, regard Plato’s philosophy-given that it is oblivious of either being and beauty, or language, or writing-as the source of the metaphysical Platonism that dominates the course and pattern of traditional Western philosophy. The richness of Plato’s philosophy itself not only makes it still participate in the opening and expansion of the phenomenological path in a very active and important way, but also an indispensable resource for reflecting on, criticizing, and even transforming the Platonic tradition under the conditions of the present age. These distinctive philosophical interpretations, as a product of the “thought collision”between the three phenomenologists and the Platonic text on their own concerns, have brought out different images of Plato, namely “Plato without Socrates”(Heidegger), “Re-Socraticized Plato”(Heidegger), and “Re-Socraticized Plato”(Gadamer), and “Plato mourning Socrates in writing”(Derrida). These different images of Plato also map the differences and correlations between the three phenomenologists’ respective centers of gravity and modes of thought,as well as their basic postures on the important question of the relationship between being and ethos.

关 键 词：《斐德罗篇》 现象学 爱欲 辩证法 书写 

分 类 号：B516.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]