美国教育信息化何以促进基础教育公平:政策、实践与启示  

How does American Education Informatization Promote the Equity of Basic Education:Policy,Practice and Enlightenment

作　　者：刘洋溪 钱梦婷 吴南中 LIU Yangxi;QIAN Mengting;WU Nanzhong(East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Chongqing Open University,Chongqing 400052,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系、教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地华东师范大学基础教育改革与发展研究所,上海200062 [2]华东理工大学高教研究所,上海200237 [3]重庆开放大学学分银行管理中心,重庆400052

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2022年第5期66-83,共18页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2019年度教育学重大招标课题“立德树人的落实机制研究”(项目编号:VEA190002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“人工智能时代教育科技发展对教育治理的挑战与应对机制研究”(项目编号:JKR01212201)。

摘　　要：教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,而基础教育公平更事关一个国家高质量教育体系的建构。20世纪80年代以来,美国联邦政府开始逐渐意识到在基础教育领域中应用信息技术是促进教育公平的重要手段。自此,美国从联邦到各州均全力推进教育信息化进程,将信息技术促进基础教育公平作为政策发布和施行的重要组成部分。在经历了初步探索、应用提升和融合创新三个阶段后,其教育公平理念日益彰显,学校办学质量不断提升。在相关政策法规的实践进程中,美国联邦政府通过统筹协调教育专项资金、优化新型教育基础设施和推进教师队伍建设信息化等方面的工作,使每位学生都能拥有同等开始学习生涯的机会,以更好地保障基础教育的起点公平;通过构建全域全时空的学习环境、开展技术赋能的个性化教学与整合社会资源支持学校发展等方面的举措,来更好地满足学习者个性化发展的需要,从而实现基础教育的过程公平;通过开展纵向教育数据追踪、完善基础教育问责制度和科学实施教育质量评估等方面的行动,进一步探究相关政策法规的合理性,助力基础教育的结果公平。借鉴美国的经验,我国应进一步优化布局,利用信息技术推动基础教育优质均衡发展;聚焦需求,提供规模化和个性化兼具的教育服务供给;坚持问题导向,开展基础教育质量的动态监测与智能诊断,从而构建更加公平、更高质量的基础教育发展新格局。Educational equity is the important foundation of social equity,and the equity of basic education is more related to the construction of a country’s high-quality education system.Since 1980s,the U.S.federal government has gradually realized that the application of information technology in basic education is an important means to promote educational equity.Since then,the United States has made every effort to promote educational informatization from federal to states,taking information technology to promote the fairness of basic education as an important part in its policy release and implementation.After three stages of initial exploration,the concept of educational fairness has become increasingly prominent,and the quality of school education has been continuously improved.In the practice of relevant policies and regulations,the U.S.federal government has coordinated special education funds,optimized new education infrastructure,and promoted the informatization of teachers’team construction,so that every student can have the same opportunity to start a learning career,so as to better guarantee the fairness of the starting point of basic education.By building a global learning environment,carrying out personalized teaching with technical empowerment and integrating social resources to support school development,we can better meet the needs of learners’personalized development and realize the fairness of the basic education process.By carrying out longitudinal education data tracking,improving the accountability system of basic education and scientifically implementing education quality evaluation,we can further explore the reasonableness of relevant policies and regulations and facilitate the fairness of basic education results.Learning from the experience of the United States,China should 1)further optimize the layout and use information technology to promote the balanced development of basic education;2)Focus on demand and provide both large-scale and personalized education service supply;3)Adhere to the

关 键 词：美国 信息化 基础教育 教育公平 政策 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]