国际组织的人工智能教育应用观:技术、实践及挑战  

International Organizations’Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Education:Technologies,Practices and Challenges

作　　者：王春丽[1] WANG Chunli(Faculty of Education,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang Henan 453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学教育学部,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2022年第10期86-93,102,共9页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：2020年度河南师范大学教育科学研究基金项目“适应信息化社会的在线自主学习者培养机制研究”(课题编号:2020JK05)。

摘　　要：以人工智能重塑教育备受国际社会关注,欧盟、经合组织和教科文组织先后发布相关报告,旨在以前瞻视角引导各国发展。通过剖析各报告对技术本质、实践样态、面临挑战三个问题的理解,发现基于数据的人工智能是主流技术路线,文化历史活动理论揭示了为何人工智能仍停留在机器本能层面;人工智能作用于特殊教育和普通教育的多种场景,深化了全纳教育、全面育人的理念,但仍存在固化教学的风险;当前面临安全、伦理、信任、公平、数据共享、技术依赖、决策者认识、教师专业发展八大挑战,且前两者尤为突出。报告体现出三个特色,政策上谋划未来教育图景,出台法规消解隐忧;行动上倡导循证研究先行,深化多元育人形式;人员上加强智能素养培育,激发各方参与活力。Reshaping education through artificial intelligence has been a hot topic in global.EU,OECD and UNESCO have successively released reports to guide countries to develop artificial intelligence in education by a forward-looking perspective.By analyzing three issues,the nature of AI technologies,the practices of AI in education and the challenges faced in the reports,the core viewpoints are integrated as follows.Data-based AI is the mainstream technical route,and cultural-historical theory of activity explains why AI still stays in the attribute of mechanical instinct.The practice of AI in education covers multiple scenes for special and general education,and deepens the concept of comprehensive education and inclusive education.However,solidification instruction risks brought by technologies still exist.AI brings challenges in security,ethics,trust,data sharing,awareness of policy makers and teachers’professional development,in which security and ethics are particularly prominent.The characteristics of the reports are reflected in foreseeing the future of education and issuing norms to dispel worries at policy level;advocating evidence-based research and deepening diversified talent cultivation at action level;improving personal’s AI literacy and stimulating the vitality of all subjects at personnel level.

关 键 词：国际组织 人工智能 教育应用 

分 类 号：G513[文化科学—教育学]