“高考”成绩可免何以可能?——美国一流大学“可免试入学”政策的价值考量及其保障机制  

How Can"College Entrance Examination"Score be Exempted?——The Value of the Policy of the"Test Optional Policies"of American World-class Universities

作　　者：李茂菊 朱益明[1] LI Maoju;ZHU Yiming(Department of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系,上海200062

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2022年第9期18-34,共17页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：2016年度教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“学生发展与综合素质评价:普通高中学校发展研究”(项目编号:16JJD880018)。

摘　　要：美国一流大学实行“可免试入学”政策,赋予学生自主决定是否提交标准化考试成绩的权利,为美国高等教育系统革新、尤其是新冠疫情暴发后的招生工作顺利开展奠定了基础。“可免试入学”政策变迁中多元利益主体关于公平的诉求,政府与大学在价值考量后的回应以及政策的实施机制,值得研究者关注并深入分析。美国一流大学“可免试入学”政策实践得以形成并迅速推广,主要得益于大学招生自主机制、学生依法诉讼机制与社会组织监督机制。我国一流大学须审慎考量招生改革所涉及的科学性与公平性,科学处理招生录取过程中的人才选拔和学生发展之间的关系问题,为一流大学招徕拔尖创新型人才奠定基础。The"Test Optional Policies"of top American universities gives students the right to decide whether to submit standardized examination scores,laying the foundation for the smooth innovation of the US higher education system,especially after the outbreak of COVID-19.Based on the demands of multiple stakeholders on fairness in the policy change of"Test Optional Policies"of world-class universities in the United States,this article analyzes the value consideration of government and universities and the mechanism by which the policy can be implemented.The policy practice of"Test Optional Policies"in worldclass universities in the United States has been formed and rapidly promoted,mainly thanks to the independent mechanism of university enrollment,the mechanism of legal litigation of students and the supervision mechanism of social organizations.China’s world-class universities must carefully consider the scientificity and fairness involved in the enrollment reform,and scientifically deal with the relationship between talent selection and student development in the process of enrollment,so as to lay a foundation for world-class universities to attract top-notch innovative talents.

关 键 词：美国 一流大学 可免试入学 科学性 公平性 考试招生 

分 类 号：G40-0118[文化科学—教育学原理] G40-712[文化科学—教育学]