乳酸菌产γ-氨基丁酸及生物合成技术研究进展  

Research Progress of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Its Biosynthesis Technology

作　　者：李朔 李潇 张晓黎[2] 贾瑶 吴兴壮 LI Shuo;LI Xiao;ZHANG Xiao-li;JIA Yao;WU Xing-zhuang(College of Food Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Institute of Food and Processing,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学食品学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省农业科学院食品与加工研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国调味品》2022年第11期205-210,共6页China Condiment

基　　金：辽宁省民生科技计划联合计划项目(2021JH2/10200037)。

摘　　要：γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)一般是由谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)不可逆地催化谷氨酸及钠盐经过脱羧产生的非蛋白质氨基酸,广泛存在于动植物及微生物中。GABA在生物体内作为一种生物活性物质,发挥着不可或缺的生理功能。由于化学合成法和植物富集法具有明显的缺点,γ-氨基丁酸的生物合成已成为一个研究热点。文章叙述了γ-氨基丁酸的生理作用和生产GABA过程中涉及的主要乳酸菌种类并重点介绍了利用生物合成技术提高乳酸菌产GABA的策略,最后对研究方向进行了展望。γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA) is a non-protein amino acid generally produced by the irreversible catalytic decarboxylation of glutamic acid and sodium salt by glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD), which widely exists in animals, plants and microorganisms. GABA plays an indispensable physiological function as a bioactive substance in organisms. Due to the obvious disadvantages of chemical synthesis method and plant enrichment method, the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the physiological effect of γ-aminobutyric acid, the main types of lactic acid bacteria involved in the production of GABA are described, and the strategy of using biosynthesis technology to improve GABA production by lactic acid bacteria is mainly introduced. Finally, the research direction is prospected.

关 键 词：Γ-氨基丁酸 生理作用 乳酸菌 生物合成技术 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]