“物”之呈现、聚集与诚明--基于阳明心学的考察  

The Manifestation,Aggregation,and Sincere Clarity of Things:An Approach Based on Wang Yangming’s Learning of Mind

作　　者：龚晓康[1,2] Wang Xiaonong Gong Xiaokang(School of Philosophy at Guizhou University)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学哲学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学中国共产党人“心学”与推进党的建设新的伟大工程高端智库 [3]School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University

出　　处：《孔学堂》2022年第3期73-82,I0067-I0080,共24页Confucian Academy

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“阳明学知识论问题研究”(项目批准号:21BZX068)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界依王阳明“意之所在便是物”“心外无物”“以其明觉之感应而言,则谓之物”等说,形成了意义论、价值论、感应论等观点,而对阳明“身心意知物是一件”之说则甚少留意。“身心意知物是一件”表明,“物”为心、知、意、身之聚集,并构成了源初的存在场域:本心之感应而有良知之明觉,良知之明觉而有意识之发动,意识之发动而有事物之呈现,事物之呈现而有身体之感触。这种身—心—意—知—物所共同构成的源初场域,即是物之“自体”;经由意识之对象化而为身体所感触者,则为物之“现象”。而基于主体间性的作用,“物”也具有客观实在性。但是,意识在自我象化的同时往往存在着小我的执着,遂使身—心—意—知—物的源初场域破裂,“物”成为外在于人的存在者,而人亦为外物所役使。故而,格物的重点在于诚明工夫,物来顺应而不为物所役,最终回归源初的存在场域。究言之,阳明所论之“格物”,超越了单纯的事物认知而成为道德的工夫,“不诚无物”说也就获得了存有论的阐明。According to Wang Yangming’s proposition that the body,mind,intentions,knowledge,and things are one,a thing is where the mind,knowledge,intentions,and the body aggregate,constituting the original field of its being.That is,from the original mind’s stimulation and response issues the clear awareness of intuitive knowledge;from realized intuitive knowledge issues the initiation of consciousness;from aroused consciousness issues the manifestation of things;and from a manifested thing issues the sensations of the body.This original field constituted by the body,mind,intentions,knowledge,and things together is the very thing-in-itself;when it becomes the object of consciousness and is sensed by the body,it is the phenomena of things.Under the function of intersubjectivity,things also possess objectivity.However,concurrent with self-objectification,consciousness also holds onto the minor self,which causes the breakdown of the original field constituted by the body,mind,intentions,knowledge,and things,thus things turn into beings external to humans and humans become subject to the external things.Therefore,the emphasis of investigating things lies in the effort of sincere clarity,and in adapting to things rather than being subject to them,and eventually returning to the original field of being.Ultimately,in his discourse on the investigation of things,Wang Yangming went beyond the mere knowledge of things and saw it as a process of moral effort,thereby providing an ontological interpretation of the Confucian proposition that "without sincerity there would be nothing."

关 键 词：阳明心学 心外无物 格物 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]