高速磁浮列车气动声学特征的数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation of aeroacoustic characteristics of high-speed maglev trains

作　　者：张洁[1,2,3] 吴雨薇 高建勇 高广军 杨志刚[1,2,3] ZHANG Jie;WU Yuwei;GAO Jianyong;GAO Guangjun;YANG Zhigang(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic and Transporation,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Changsha 410075,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第10期4185-4196,共12页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0710903);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2019J008)。

摘　　要：基于大涡模拟(LES)及Kirchhoff-Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(K-FWH)方程,对400 km/h速度级下高速磁浮列车与高速列车气动/声学特性进行对比研究,获取高速磁浮列车气动激扰发声关键特征;通过分区合理构建扰动源积分面,对600 km/h高速磁浮列车辐射气动噪声进行数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:高速列车车体不平整,几何诱导发声为主要发声机制;而高速磁浮列车车身平顺,尾车流线型区域附面层分离引起的空间扰动是主要发声源;当磁浮列车以600 km/h运行时,气动激扰发声的能量主要由尾车流线型区域偶极子声源及尾流区域四极子声源组成;尾流区四极子声源的平均辐射贡献超过偶极子声源的平均辐射贡献,达到60.9%。Combined with Kirchhoff-Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(K-FWH)equations,an LES(large eddy simulation)investigation was carried out to explore the difference of aerodynamic/acoustic characteristics between the high-speed maglev train and high-speed train at the speed grade of 400 km/h,so as to obtain the key characteristics of aerodynamic excitation sound of maglev trains.Using this validated approach,the numerical simulation on the radiated aerodynamic noise of a 600 km/h high-speed maglev train was conducted coupled with the reasonable construction of penetrable integral surface on disturbance sources in different regions.The results show that for the high-speed train,the main source is the geometrically induced sound,due to its uneven surface.However,for the maglev train with smooth surface,the main sound source comes from the spatial disturbance caused by the separation of boundary layers at the streamlined nose of the tail car.When the maglev train is running at 600 km/h,the dipole sound source at the streamlined region of the tail car and the quadrupole sound source in the wake contribute to the aerodynamic sound energy of the maglev train.The average radiation contribution of the quadrupole noise in the wake region reaches 60.9%,showing a dominant contribution compared to the dipole noise source.

关 键 词：高速磁浮列车 气动噪声 可穿透积分面 噪声源 辐射噪声 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程]