董仲舒人性论新说  

A New Interpretation of Dong Zhongshu’s Human Nature Theory

作　　者：黄开国[1] Huang Kaiguo

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2022年第9期48-56,128,共10页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经典诠释学基本文献整理与基本问题研究”(编号21&ZD055)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在对中国古代哲学家人性论的研究中,异说最多的莫过于董仲舒的人性论。造成此种状况的原因,是他的名性以中说混淆了儒学人性论两种基本理论形态中的性概念,但至今无人揭示这一问题。摆脱这一混淆,就可以发现董仲舒的人性论有先秦儒学性同一说及属于汉唐儒学性品级说的性三品说两大内容。他通过天有阴阳,阳仁阴贪,推论出天生人性皆具善恶二质,完成了对先秦儒学性同一说的理论总结;又适应时代变化的需要,提出了上中下三品的性三品说,为王教与社会等级制提供了人性论的依据,开创了作为汉唐儒学人性论基本理论形态的性品级说。Dong Zhongshu’s theory of human nature,called “name and nature in the middle”,is one of the most controversial ancient Chinese theories of human nature. It mixed two primary theoretical forms of Confucian theory of human nature. This essay argues that this theory has two essential sides. By inferring that there are Yin and Yang in nature,Yang benevolence,and Yin greed,it proposes that the natural state of human nature has both good and evil qualities,which is a theoretical summary of the Confucian theory of identity in the preQin period. On the other hand,it also inaugurates the theory of three grades of human nature,which divides human nature into the upper,middle,and lower grades,providing the theoretical basis for the education of the Han political system. The latter is also the basic theoretical form of the Confucian theory of human nature in Han and Tang China.

关 键 词：人性论 基本理论形态 性同一说 性三品说 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]