素养导向的学校灾难教育课程设计与实施  

Competencies-oriented Curriculum Design and Implementation of School Disaster Education

作　　者：高芳祎 唐开福 GAO Fangyi;TANG Kaifu(Institute of Higher Education,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China;Sichuan Educational Evaluation Institute,Chengdu,610225,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学高等教育研究所,上海200237 [2]四川省教育评估院高等教育评估所,成都610225

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2022年第9期54-65,共12页Global Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划项目国家一般课题“基于社会融合的失地农民集中居住区社区教育模式研究”(项目编号:BAA170018)的研究成果。

摘　　要：学校灾难教育是灾难教育体系的重要组成部分,是提升社会和个人的灾害抗逆力,减轻灾害对经济社会发展成果的侵蚀,为高质量发展保驾护航的重要支柱之一。当此我国学校教育进入素养时代之际,学校灾难教育课程也应以素养为导向予以重新审视。当前对灾难素养的认识正逐步从关注相关知识、技能、态度,走向个体应对灾难情境的关键能力,包括对有关灾难信息的获取、理解、交流,更涵盖在灾难发生发展的不同阶段针对灾难情境的评估、判断、决策和行动。围绕灾难素养的新内涵,学校灾难教育课程应确立指向“行动中的素养”的课程目标,跨学科、多层面的广域课程内容,体验式学习为主的多元化课程实施,为改进持续提供信息的课程评估。素养导向学校灾难教育课程的实施需要在国家政策、学校课程规划、社区家庭参与三个层面协同发力:在国家层面加强素养导向的学校灾难教育课程的顶层设计和指导;在学校层面提升素养导向灾难教育课程的系统化水平;在家庭社区层面推进与学校层面素养导向灾难教育课程的互补联动。School disaster education is an important part of disaster education system, and one of the important pillars to improve social and individual disaster resilience, reduce the negative effects of disaster on economic and social development, and protect high-quality development. When the reform of school education in China is entering the ‘competencies era’, the curriculum of school disaster education should also be re-examined with the competencies orientation. The current understanding of disaster literacy is gradually shifting from focusing on relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes to the key competencies of individuals to deal with disaster situations, including acquisition, understanding and communication of disaster information, and also assessment, judgment, decision making and action in disaster situations at different stages of disaster occurrence and development. Centering on the new connotation of disaster literacy, school disaster education curriculum should establish the curriculum goal of “literacy in action”, interdisciplinary and multi-faceted broad curriculum content, diversified curriculum implementation mainly based on experiential learning, and curriculum evaluation that provides continuous information for improvement. The implementation of competencies-oriented disaster education curriculum in schools requires concerted efforts at three levels, including national policy, school curriculum planning, and community and family participation. This calls for strengthening the top-level design and guidance of competencies-oriented disaster education curriculum at the national level, improving the systematization level of competencies-oriented disaster education curriculum at the school level, and promoting the complementary linkage of competencies-oriented disaster education curriculum at the family-community level and school level.

关 键 词：素养导向 学校灾难教育 课程设计 课程实施 

分 类 号：G423[文化科学—课程与教学论]