重载铁路钢轨磨损与损伤行为试验研究  

Experimental Study on Wear and Damage Behavior of Rail for Heavy Haul Railway

作　　者：李英奇 张银花 刘佳朋 周韶博 王文健[2] LI Yingqi;ZHANG Yinhua;LIU Jiapeng;ZHOU Shaobo;WANG Wenjian(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第6期152-160,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2601003);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2019YJ093);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所基金课题(2020XC06)。

摘　　要：选用4种珠光体和1种无碳化物贝氏体钢轨材料分别与CL60车轮材料进行摩擦磨损试验,在实验室模拟重载铁路接触应力状态,研究不同材料轮轨对磨时的耐磨性能差异,分析轮轨表面伤损形貌、抗接触疲劳性能及磨损机制。结果表明:5种不同强度钢轨中,U78CrV热处理钢轨耐磨性能最好,贝氏体热轧钢轨耐磨性能相对较差,但同等条件下与之对磨的车轮磨损量相对最小;随着转数的增加,珠光体和贝氏体钢轨试样的表面损伤从点蚀向连贯起皮剥落发展,主要磨损机制为表面接触疲劳磨损;贝氏体钢轨具有优异的抗疲劳裂纹萌生能力,裂纹深度和长度在磨损前期比珠光体钢轨小,表现出更好的抗接触疲劳性能;贝氏体钢轨的加工硬化程度及磨损试验后钢轨表面硬度低于珠光体钢轨,是其耐磨性能不如珠光体钢轨的原因之一。Four kinds of pearlite and one kind of carbide free bainite rail material are selected to conduct friction and wear tests with CL60 wheels materials separately.Through the simulation of contact stress state of heavy haul railway in laboratory,the wear resistance differences of wheel-rail with different materials during friction are studied,and the surface damage morphology,contact fatigue resistance and wear mechanism of wheel-rail are analyzed.The results show that the wear resistance of U78CrV heat-treated rail is the best among the five kinds of rails with different strength,while that of bainite hot-rolled rail is relatively poor,but the wear loss of the wheel grinding with the bainite rail is relatively minimum under the same conditions.With the increase of cycle times,the surface damages of pearlite and bainite rail samples develop from pitting corrosion to continuous peeling,and the main wear mechanism belongs to surface contact fatigue wear.Bainite rails embrace excellent resistance to fatigue crack initiation,and the crack depth and length are smaller than pearlite rails in the early wear stage,showing better contact fatigue resistance.The work hardening degree and the surface hardness of bainite rails after wear tests are lower than those of pearlite rails,which is one of the reasons why their wear resistance is inferior to that of pearlite rails.

关 键 词：重载铁路 珠光体钢轨 贝氏体钢轨 车轮 摩擦磨损 

分 类 号：U270.4[机械工程—车辆工程]