大学创业教育中体验式教学模式新探:以自我决定理论为工具  

Exploring New Experiential Teaching Mode in College Entrepreneurship Education:Using the Self-determination Theory as a Tool

作　　者：高雪升 马莉萍[1] GAO Xuesheng;MA Liping(School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期99-109,共11页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：河北省社科基金课题“河北省本科高校创新创业教育质量监测评估体系构建研究——以省内转型发展试点院校为例”(HB18JY012)。

摘　　要：传统的动机二分法将内部动机与外部动机视为相对独立的二元关系,动机的自我决定理论对人类动机的内部结构进行整合重构,并提出了有关不同类型动机内化的路径模型。创业教育体验式教学模式作为一种尊重自主支持的实境互动教学方式,建构了符合自我决定理论生长的教学场域,为促进大学生创业动机内化提供了可能性。研究表明,有效的体验式教学模式应该站在学生生命发展的整体高度,关注学生在教学活动中的主体地位,组织建构实境化的教学情境,并且采用开放灵活的教学方式和手段实现教学目标。在有效的体验式教学过程中,师生、生生,以及学生自己都处于互动和对话的状态,学生的“自主”“胜任”“关系”三种心理需求不断得到满足,创业动机逐渐受到激发、调优和强化。自我决定理论既是设计体验式教学理论模型和课程实践方案的指导理念,也是检验其教学有效性的重要标准。The traditional motivation dichotomy regards internal motivation and external motivation as a relatively independent binary relationship.The self-determination theory of motivation integrates and reconstructs the internal structure of human motivation,and puts forward path models for the internalization of different types of motivation.Experiential curriculum teaching model for entrepreneurship education as a practical interactive teaching method respects autonomy support,constructs a teaching field in line with the growth of self-determination theory,and provides possibility to promote college students’entrepreneurial motivation internalization.Studies have shown that an effective experiential teaching model should stand at the overall height of students’life development,pay attention to students’dominant position in teaching activities,organize and construct realistic teaching situations,and adopt flexible teaching methods and approaches to achieve teaching objectives.In the process of effective experiential teaching,teachers and students,students and students and students themselves are in a state of interaction and dialogue.Students’psychological needs of“autonomy”,“competence”and“relationship”are continuously met,and their entrepreneurial motivation is gradually stimulated,optimized and strengthened.Self-determination theory is not only the guiding concept of designing theoretical model and practice scheme of experiential teaching,but also an important standard to test its teaching effectiveness.

关 键 词：动机内化 创业教育 体验式课程 教学模式设计 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]