《周易正义》疏《系辞》圣人义平议——兼论义疏学的解释特色与衰亡原因  

On the Sub-commentary on the Xici in the Zhouyi zhengyi:With Remarks on the Characteristics of Sub-commentary and Reasons for Its Decline

作　　者：余越 YU Yue

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《周易研究》2022年第3期63-74,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：圣人的含义是魏晋以降一直为学者所关注的问题。在玄学的影响下,圣与贤悬隔成为六朝人的普遍观念,圣人和贤人分别被赋予体无、知几、无过、生而知之与体有、庶几、不贰过、学而知之等特质,二者之间存在明确界限。这成为了《周易正义》解释圣人含义的思想背景。在结合韩注解释《系辞》中“可久则贤人之德,可大则贤人之业”和“鼓万物而不与圣人同忧”二句时,面对《易传》原文与通行圣人观的矛盾及韩注包含的问题,《正义》援用玄学理论及当时常说,给出了表面可通的解释,却也制造出诸多矛盾,陷入了理论困境。这反映出时代观念的变迁对经典解释的影响,并提示解释臻于极限可能也是义疏学衰亡的原因之一。The meaning of “sage” is an issue which always has concerned scholars since the Wei(220-265) and Jin(265-420) dynasties. Under the influence of Neo-Daoism, the decisive distinctions between the sages and the persons of virtue were generally accepted by people in the Six Dynasties(222-589), and the former were endowed with the characteristics of experiencing wu(non-existence), zhi ji(knowing incipience), having no mistakes, born with knowledge while the latter were featured with the realm of you(existence), shu ji(approaching to incipience), never repeating errors, learning to get knowledge. There is a clear boundary between the two, which became the ideological background when the Zhouyi zhengyi(Correct Meaning of the Zhou Changes) was interpreting the connotations of “sage”. In combination with Han Kangbo’s(332-380) exegesis of the two sentences in Xici zhuan(Commentary on the Appended Phrases) related to “sages”, the Correct Meaning was confronted with the contradiction between the original text and the prevailing view of sages and the problems contained in Han Kangbo’s explanation. Although the Correct Meaning provided a seemingly accessible explanation by citing the Neo-Daoist theory and common understanding at that time, it also created many contradictions and fell into a theoretical dilemma. This reflects the influence upon classical interpretation of the concept changes over time, and suggests that the interpretation reaching the extremity may be one of the possible reasons for the decline of the sub-commentary tradition.

关 键 词：《周易正义》 《系辞》 圣人 玄学 义疏学 

分 类 号：B241.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]