隐喻认知视域下的中医思维研究  

Traditional Chinese Medicine Thinking in the Perspective of Metaphorical Cognition

作　　者：贾春华 李湛 赖敏 JIA Chunhua;LI Zhan;LAI Min(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《世界中医药》2022年第23期3283-3288,共6页World Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81874514)——基于事件相关电位与功能性磁共振成像技术的中医语言研究;国家自然科学基金项目(82074582)——中医五行推理的逻辑解析与ERP及fMRI的实证研究。

摘　　要：语言与认知/思维总是难解难分地交织在一起。20世纪重要的语言理论“萨丕尔-沃尔夫”假说力主“语言决定思维论”,维特根斯坦也说,“我的语言的限度就是我的世界的限度”。若语言的作用果真如此,从语言入手探讨中医学思维,则成中医思维研究之不二法门。中医语言是一种自然语言,以汉字或符号的形式呈现,汉字的创立体现了中国古人的隐喻思维。从汉字的形成方法来划分中医学中的隐喻类型,沿其名、用其意而不袭其实,依次第名曰象形、象事、象意、象声隐喻。研究发现中医思维的独特性根基于汉语言的特殊性,是中国语言与文化的特殊性决定了中医思维的特殊性,因而学习中医就必须学习中医语言。中医的语言犹如一座老城,一座由小胡同和广场、旧的和新的房屋和带有不同时期的扩建物的房屋构成的迷宫。只有走入并走出迷宫的人,才能从基于隐喻认知的中医语言中发现另一个人体世界。Language and cognition/thinking have always been inextricably intertwined.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,a major language theory of the 20th century,argues that“language determines thinking”,and Wittgenstein also said that“the limits of my language are the limits of my world”.If the role of language is really like this,the study on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)thinking from the perspective of language will be the unique way to explore TCM thinking.TCM language is a natural language,and is presented in the form of Chinese characters or symbols.The creation of Chinese characters reflects the metaphorical thinking of ancient Chinese.The metaphorical types in TCM are classified by the formation methods of Chinese characters,and we continued using their names and meanings without variation,in the order of pictograph metaphor,matter metaphor,meaning metaphor and sound metaphor.It was found that the uniqueness of TCM thinking is rooted in the particularity of Chinese language,and it is the particularities of Chinese language and culture that determine the uniqueness of TCM thinking.Therefore,to learn TCM language is a necessity to learn TCM.TCM language is like an old city,a maze of small hutongs and squares,old and new houses,and houses with extensions from different periods.Only those who come out of the maze can discover another world of the human body from TCM language based on metaphorical cognition.

关 键 词：中医语言 中医思维 隐喻认知 中医学 认知语言学 六书 概念 命题 

分 类 号：R2-03[医药卫生—中医学]