加强“超常”教育的紧迫性及实施路径  

The Urgency of Strengthening “Outstanding” Education and Its Implementation Path

作　　者：杨德广[1] Yang Deguang(School of Education,Shanghai Normal Universily,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2022年第20期1-7,共7页Research in Educational Development

摘　　要：改革开放以来,尤其是党的十八大以来,我国各类教育都有了巨大发展。如义务教育阶段,实现了公平、均衡、高水平的发展,毛入学率接近百分之百,巩固率在95%以上。但在“超常”教育、拔尖人才培养方面尚存在失误和不足。重视了普及化教育,忽视了英才教育。把3%左右的“超常”儿童混同在一般学生培养之中,严重影响了拔尖创新人才的选拔和培养。其原因在于教育主管部门对拔尖人才的培养认识不足,没有列入职责范围内。文章阐述了从“差异性”“因材施教”原则看“超常”教育的必要性和紧迫性;从教育的选择权看“超常”教育的必要性和紧迫性。文章还对如何加强“超常”教育、培养拔尖人才提出了5点建议。一是要认识到培养拔尖人才的紧迫性,二是要树立科学的教育公平观,三是要认识到人才开发的早期性,四是应创建一批优质学校、英才学校,专门招收“超常”学生,五是教育主管部门应设立专门机构主管“超常”教育、英才教育。Since the reform and opening up in China, especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, all kinds of education in our country have developed greatly. For example, fair, balanced and high-level development of compulsory education has been achieved, with the gross enrollment rate approaching 100 percent and the retention rate above 95 percent. However, there are still mistakes and deficiencies in exceptional education and top-notch talent training. Emphasis was placed on universal education, but the education of talents was ignored. About 3% of exceptional children are mixed in the training of ordinary students, which has seriously affected the selection and training of top-notch innovative talents. The reason lies in the lack of understanding of the training of top talents by the educational authorities, which is not included in the scope of responsibility. The article holds that the exceptional education has its necessity and urgency,whether it is based on the principle of "difference", "teaching students according to their aptitude" or from the choice of education.The article also puts forward five suggestions on how to strengthen exceptional education and train top-notch talents.First,the urgency of training top-notch talents should be realized;Second, a scientific concept of educational fairness should be established;Third, we should realize that talent development should be as early as possible;Fourth, we should set up a number of elite schools to recruit exceptional students;Fifth, the educational authorities should set up special institutions to take charge of exceptional education.

关 键 词：教育发展和不足 拔尖创新人才 超常教育 

分 类 号：G763[文化科学—特殊教育学]