世界主要国家小学数学教科书的内容编写特征及其启示——基于10国四年级数学教科书的实证研究  

The Characteristics and Enlightenments of the Content Compilation of Primary School Mathematics Textbooks in Major Countries——A Empirical Study of Fourth-grade Mathematics Textbooks in 10 Countries

作　　者：邝孔秀 宋乃庆[2,3] Kuang Kongxiu;Song Naiqing

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院教育学院,江苏常州213001 [2]西南大学数学与统计学院,重庆400715 [3]西南大学基础教育研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2022年第10期80-88,共9页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金教育学重点课题“中小学理科教材难度国际比较研究(小学数学)”(编号:AHA120008);江苏理工学院社科项目“彰显数学本质的教学策略研究”(编号:KYY19539)。

摘　　要：了解世界主要国家小学数学教科书的内容编写特征是我国建设具有国际竞争力的小学数学教科书的需要。通过建构分析框架和指标体系对10个主要国家的小学四年级数学教科书的分析发现,主要国家小学数学教科书的知识编写普遍追求较高的认知水平,但多采用抽象程度相对较低的方式来呈现;习题编写突出数学知识的理解和数学基本能力特别是数学技能的训练;欧美国家的小学数学教科书内容编写要求并非比泛东亚国家的更浅,一些国家的教科书内容编写多样化明显。为建设有国际竞争力的小学数学教科书,我国小学数学教科书的知识编写需要提高“理解”认知水平和“直观”“抽象”呈现方式的比例,习题编写需要增加“迁移”“探究”认知水平和“科学背景”的比例,减少“模仿”认知水平的比例,同时借鉴欧美重视直观经验学习、注重探究创新素养培养等理念,实施编写多样化战略。To compilate primary school mathematics textbooks with international competitiveness, it is necessary for China to understand the content compilation characteristics of primary school mathematics textbooks in major countries. The study on mathematics textbooks for the fourth grade in 10 major countries shows that the knowledge compilation generally pursues a higher cognitive level, but adopts a relatively low level of abstraction to present the knowledge;the compilation of exercises emphasizes the understanding of mathematical knowledge and the training of basic mathematical abilities, especially mathematical skills;the requirements for the compilation of textbook content in some western countries are not shallower than those in pan East Asian countries, and the content compilation in some western countries is obviously diversified. In order to build up the international competitiveness of Chinese primary school mathematics textbooks, the knowledge compilation needs to increase the proportion of cognitive level of“understanding”as well as the presentation methods of“intuitive”and“abstract”, the exercise compilation needs to increase the proportion of“migration”,“inquiry”level and“scientific background”,reduce the proportion of“imitation”level. At the same time, China needs to learn from western countries’ ideas of attaching importance to intuitive experience learning style, cultivating literacy of inquiry and innovation, and implement diversified textbook compilation strategies.

关 键 词：主要国家 小学数学 教科书 数学知识 数学习题 

分 类 号：G423.3[文化科学—课程与教学论]