蓝鳍金枪鱼不同部位肌肉的营养与主要风味分析  

Analysis of Nutrition and Major Flavor of Different Muscle Parts of Thunnus thynnus

作　　者：赵玲[1] 胡梦月 曹荣[1] 刘淇[1] 孟凡勇 ZHAO Ling;HU Mengyue;CAO Rong;LIU Qi;MENG Fanyong(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Shandong Zhonglu Oceanic Fisheries Co.Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]山东省中鲁远洋渔业股份有限公司,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第1期219-227,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0901203)资助。

摘　　要：为科学评价蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)不同部位肌肉营养与风味特征,对比分析了其背部和腹部肌肉的基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和挥发性风味物质。结果显示,除灰分外,蓝鳍金枪鱼背部和腹部肌肉的水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量差异显著;背部、腹部粗蛋白含量分别为24.70 g/100 g和18.61 g/100 g;背部、腹部粗脂肪含量分别为19.34 g/100 g和30.29 g/100 g。蓝鳍金枪鱼背部和腹部肌肉氨基酸总量分别达到(22.07±0.74)g/100 g和(16.57±0.47)g/100 g,差异显著(P<0.05)。必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值均在40%左右,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值均大于60%,接近于FAO/WHO推荐的蛋白质营养评价的理想模式,属于优质蛋白。谷氨酸的含量均最高,其次为天冬氨酸,胱氨酸含量最低。背部和腹部肌肉鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比例分别为34.93%和35.91%。背部和腹部肌肉中分别检测出24种和29种脂肪酸,各脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05);饱和脂肪酸中肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0)的含量高;单不饱和脂肪酸中油酸(C18:1)和二十碳一烯酸(C20:1)含量高;二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)总量占多不饱和脂肪酸总量的88.55%和75.13%。气相离子迁移谱可以有效区分蓝鳍金枪鱼背部和腹部肌肉,共检测到39种挥发性物质,包括醛类、酮类、醇类、酯类、酸类和烯烃及含氮、含硫化合物等;背部肌肉中2-庚酮、2-甲基噻吩、E-2-己烯-1-醇、戊酸、α-蒎烯、丙酸、丁酸丁酯、2-戊基呋喃、丁酸戊酯、二丙基二硫醚、二烯丙基二硫醚、庚酸乙酯、α-松油醇、甲基异丁酮、2-甲基丁醛-D、2-甲基丁醛-M的相对含量较腹部高;腹部肌肉中E-2-戊烯醛、N-亚硝基甲基乙基胺、甲基吡嗪、3-甲基丁醇、二甲苯、三乙胺、E-3-己烯-1-醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇、2-甲基丙酸乙酯、2-丁酮、乙酸乙酯、3-丁烯腈、2,At present,local and foreign research reports on Thunnus thynnus have focused on fishery biology,fishing,and genetic diversity,among others.There are few reports on nutrition and flavor related to the different muscles of T.thynnus.To scientifically evaluate the nutritional quality and major flavor of different muscle parts of T.thynnus,the basic nutritional components,amino acid composition,fatty acid composition,and volatile flavor substances of dorsal and abdominal muscles were compared.Except for ash,the moisture,crude protein,and fat contents varied significantly between the dorsal and abdominal muscles(P<0.05).The moisture contents of the dorsal and abdominal muscles were 57.79 g/100 g and 50.16 g/100 g,respectively.The protein content was 24.70 g/100 g and 18.61 g/100 g,respectively.The protein content of dorsal muscles was 24.70 g/100 g,which was 1.33 times that of the abdomen.The crude fat content of the dorsal muscles was 19.34 g/100 g,and in the abdomen was 30.29 g/100 g,which was 1.57 times that in the dorsal muscles.The crude ash content of dorsal and abdominal muscles was 1.01 g/100 g and 1.08 g/100 g,respectively.Seventeen amino acids were detected in different parts of T.thynnus.The total amino acid content differed significantly between the dorsal(22.07±0.74)g/100 gand abdominal muscles(16.57±0.47)g/100 g.The essential amino acid content of dorsal and abdominal muscles was(8.61±0.29)g/100 g and(6.28±0.17)g/100 g,respectively.The content of glutamate was the highest among the amino acids,followed by aspartic acid,and the content of cystine was the lowest.The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids of different muscle parts of T.thynnus was 40%,and the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was>60%,which was close to the ideal protein nutrition evaluation model recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO).Thus,the dorsal and abdominal muscles are high-quality proteins.The umami taste of aquatic prod

关 键 词：蓝鳍金枪鱼 背部肌肉 腹部肌肉 营养 风味 

分 类 号：S986.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]