易世·融世·出世——儒家处世观新探  

Yishi,Rongshi,Chushi:A New Exploration of Confucian Outlook on Life

作　　者：常檣 Chang Qiang

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院 [2]尼山世界儒学中心(中国孔子基金会秘书处)学术研究部

出　　处：《中国文化与管理》2022年第2期128-136,261,共10页Chinese Culture and Management

摘　　要：对于儒家处世观,以往我们多描述为“入世”,或视之为以“入世”为主,以“出世”为辅。事实上,回溯到孔孟便会意识到,我们既不能将其描述为单纯的“入世”,也不宜以“二分”法思维将其笼统概括为“入世”和“出世”,儒家处世观应分“易世”“融世”“出世”三个不同面向。以“三分”法来认识儒家处世观,较为客观公允。儒家处世观是贯通“道”与“时”的行动哲学,是兼顾原则性与灵活性的实用智慧。儒家处世观是既入世又出世、既易世又融世又出世的。孔子“集大成”之称的由来,与处世观话题密切关联,孔子首先在处世态度问题上做到了“集大成”,这对后世影响深远。由此一点,亦可窥见儒家思想、儒学在整个中国思想文化史上的独特地位。The Confucian outlook on life mainly is Rushi,or Rushi supplemented by Chushi.In essence,Confucianism and Menciusism describe it neither as simply Rushi,nor generally Rushi and Chushi with the“dichotomy”method.The Confucian outlook on life should be divided into three different aspects:“Yishi”,“Rongshi”and“Chushi”.It is more objective and fair to understand the Confucian outlook on life with the“trichotomy”method.The Confucian outlook on life is an action philosophy linking“Tao”with“Time”,and a practical wisdom with both principle and flexibility.Confucianists’outlook on life is not only to enter or to isolate from the world,but also to change,to melt into and to isolate from the world.The origin of Confucius’“integration”is closely related to the topic of outlook on life.Confucius is called the master of Confucianism because he achieved“integration”in his attitude towards life,which has a far-reaching impact on future generations.From this point,we can also see the unique position of Confucianism in the whole Chinese ideological and cultural history.

关 键 词：钱穆 处世观 易世 融世 出世 集大成 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]