野生牛肝菌重金属的污染特征及风险评价研究进展  

Research Progress on Heavy Metals Contamination Characteristics and Risk Assessment in Wild Boletus

作　　者：徐其静 罗增明 李林[1,2] 赵宇[1,2] 马晟 刘雪 Xu Qijing;Luo Zengming;Li Lin;Zhao Yu;Ma Sheng;Liu Xue(Institute of Environmental Remediation and Health,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境修复与健康研究院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第5期272-291,共20页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41867066,41907129);云南省农业联合专项(202101BD070001-043);云南省自然科学基金项目(2019FB032);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020Y0391,2020J0406)。

摘　　要：我国土壤重金属污染形势严峻,以镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)和铅(Pb)污染最为突出。同时,我国野生牛肝菌资源丰富、出口量大、食用量高,是国际贸易重要的创汇农副产品。此外,牛肝菌极易从土壤中吸收并富集重金属,具有潜在食品安全和人体健康风险。目前关于多种牛肝菌多重金属元素污染特征及其食品安全/人体健康风险评价的系统性综述较少。据此,本文重点阐述:(1)市场占有量最大、出口创汇最高的5种野生牛肝菌(美味、绒柄、小美、灰褐和黄褐牛肝菌)中Cd、Hg、As和Pb的污染特征、个体分布规律(菌盖、菌柄、子实体)及地域性分布差异;(2)牛肝菌重金属的食品安全风险评价方法(单因子污染指数法(P i)、内梅罗综合因子污染指数法(P)、生物富集系数(BCF));(3)人体健康风险评价方法(日均摄入量评估(EDI)、靶标危害商数法(THQ)、食品安全指数法(IFS)、每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)),以及各种评价方法的优点、不足与应用;(4)基于重金属生物有效性与全量的风险评估结果对比分析。综述内容可为深入探究野生牛肝菌对重金属的吸收富集机制与关键环境影响因子提供理论依据;提出了基于重金属生物有效性而非重金属总量的风险评价方法;也为牛肝菌及其他同类野生食用菌对重金属吸收阻控提供了技术支持和方法参考。Soils are heavily polluted by heavy metals in China,especially by cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),arsenic(As)and lead(Pb).Simultaneously,China is rich in wild Boletus,which is an important agricultural product in international trade due to its great exportation and consumption.Nevertheless,wild Boletus is readily to uptake and accumulate heavy metals from soils,thereby posing potential food safety risk and health risk to humans.At present,there is limited information on systematically illustrating heavy metals concentration,distribution,food safety risk and human health risk in multi-Boletus polluted with multi-heavy metals.As such,this paper aimed to review:(1)the contamination and distribution(cap,stipe,fruiting body)of Cd,Hg,As and Pb in 5 typical wild Boletus(B.edulis,B.tomentipes,B.speciosu,B.griseus,and B.impolitus),which occupying the largest market proportion and exportation,as well as their regional distribution characteristics;(2)food safety risk assessment methods on heavy metals-polluted wild Boletus,including single factor pollution index method(P i),comprehensive factor pollution index method(P),and bioconcentration factor(BCF);(3)human health risk assessment methods on heavy metals-polluted wild Boletus,including estimated daily intake(EDI),target hazard quotient(THQ),international food standard(IFS),and provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI),as well as the associated advantages,disadvantages and application;and(4)comparison analysis of human health risk assessment results based on heavy metals bioavailability or total content in wild Boletus.This paper helps to better understand the mechanisms and key environmental factors influencing heavy metals uptake and accumulation in wild Boletus,and propose more reliable risk assessment method based on heavy metals bioavailability instead of total content.In addition,the information provides theoretical bases and technical supports to prevent and decrease heavy metals uptake and accumulation in wild edible mushrooms besides Boletus.

关 键 词：重金属 野生牛肝菌 污染特征 食品安全 人体健康 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]