辩论式教学法的情境创设优势与设计原则——以高校说理写作课程为例  

The Advantages and Design Principles of Situational Creation of Debate Teaching Method——A Case Study of the Course of Reasoning and Writing in Universities

作　　者：高策 毛清芸 谭胜蓝 GAO Ce;MAO Qing-yun;TAN Sheng-lan(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University;College of Education,Harvard University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]哈佛大学教育学院,美国马塞诸塞州0213

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2022年第36期52-56,共5页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：清华大学写作中心教改二期项目“辩论在写作与沟通课程中的应用”(项目编号:xzjg2021-11)的研究成果。

摘　　要：辩论式教学法历史悠久且应用广泛,近年来被引入高校通识说理写作课程。新兴的教学实践为研究这一传统教学方法提供了新视角。说理写作课堂教学目标的抽象性和综合性,突显出辩论式教学法创设复合性对话情境的教学优势:通过构建表达者与反对者的“对抗性情境”、表达者与读者的“说服性情境”以及兼备对抗和说服的“复合性情境”,有助于对学生批判性思维、读者意识等说理写作思维的综合培养。为了更好地达到教学效果,在教学实施中教师应重视如下设计原则:保障对立双方对话的充分性,增强辩论场景的真实性,把握对抗性与说服性的平衡。Debate teaching method has a long history and is widely used.In recent years,it has been introduced into the course of general reasoning and writing in universities.The emerging teaching practice provides a new perspective for the study of this traditional teaching method.The abstractness and comprehensiveness of the teaching objectives of reasoning writing highlight the teaching advantages of the debate teaching method in creating complex dialogue situations:helping to comprehensively cultivate such reasoning writing thinking as students’critical thinking and readers’awareness by constructing the“confrontational situation”of the speaker and the opponent,the“persuasive situation”of the speaker and the reader,and the“complex situation”of both confrontation and persuasion.In order to achieve better teaching results,teachers should pay attention to such design principles in teaching as ensuring the adequacy of dialogue between the opposite parties,enhancing the authenticity of debate scenes,and grasping the balance between confrontation and persuasion.

关 键 词：高校 辩论式教学法 说理写作课程 情境创设 对抗情境 说服性情境 复合性情境 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]