“天理自然流行”:程朱“天理”的三大特点  

“Natural Circulation of the Principle of Nature”:Three Characteristics of Cheng-Zhu’s“Principle of Nature”

作　　者：曾振宇[1] 张晓冉 ZENG Zhenyu;ZHANG Xiaoran

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期25-34,F0002,173,共12页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：程朱哲学体系中的“天理”无方所、无时间,但具有客观性。所谓客观性是指天理可以脱离人的意识而独立存在。天理是宇宙生命共同体的道德根基,是人类命运共同体的“共同善”。程朱以天理说仁,其中蕴含仁是人类自然权利的特色。仁作为先天的自然权利,属于“天理自然流行”。人拥有自然权利的唯一理由就是他们是人,这决定了人虽然是有限的个体,但先在性赋有这一权利与自由,自然权利先于人世间的法律与社会制度。The“Principle of Nature”in Cheng-Zhu’s philosophical system does not specify time or position,but it has objectivity.The so-called objectivity means that the principle of nature can exist independently from human consciousness.The principle of nature is the moral foundation of the cosmos community of life and“the common good”of the community with a shared future.Cheng-Zhu describes benevolence with the principle of nature,which contains benevolence as a feature of the natural rights of human beings.As an innate natural right of human beings,benevolence follows the Natural Circulation of the Principal of Nature.The only reason why people have natural rights is because they are human beings.The nature of people determines that although people are limited individuals,they are born with such rights and freedom,and natural rights are prior to the laws and social systems in the secular world.

关 键 词：天理 无方所 无终始 自然权利 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]