辽宁省2011—2021年学校食源性疾病暴发事件及影响因素分析  

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks and influencing factors in schools in Liaoning Province,2011-2021

作　　者：方子悦 刁文丽[1,2] 宋蕴奇 谢韬 FANG Ziyue;DIAO Wenli;SONG Yunqi;XIE Tao(Institute of Preventive Medicine,China Medical University,Shenyang(110005),Liaoning Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学预防医学研究院,辽宁沈阳110005 [2]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第12期1876-1880,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解辽宁省学校食源性疾病暴发的流行特征,为今后有效防控学校食源性疾病暴发提供科学依据。方法对辽宁省2011—2021年上报国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的学校食源性疾病暴发事件进行流行病学研究,采用二元Logistic回归分析学校食源性疾病暴发事件的影响因素。结果2011—2021年辽宁省共报告学校食源性暴发事件29起,累计病例1003例,住院218例,无死亡病例。2020年暴发事件数和病例数均最多(7起,320例)。全年发病呈双峰分布,发病高峰为3和12月,其中3月学校暴发事件数最多(8起,27.59%)。中小学上报事件数、病例数、住院数均最多(12起,555人,97人)。专科院校暴发报告时间间隔均值最长(32.01 h),大学暴发持续时间均值最长(52.33 h)。病例呕吐症状人数最多(536人,53.44%)。金黄色葡萄球菌毒素、蜡样芽孢杆菌毒素和诺如病毒引发事件较多(各3起)。除引发原因不明的事件外,加工不当与交叉污染为主要引发原因(各6起)。头痛指标与学校暴发规模呈正相关(OR=9.78),临床症状发热和暴露持续事件指标与学校暴发事件报告时间间隔呈正相关(OR值分别为7.08,22.40)(P值均<0.05)。结论应加强冬春季学校餐饮机构的管理与监督,点面防控,优化上报流程,有效降低学校食源性疾病暴发规模。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of school foodborne disease outbreaks in Liaoning Province,and to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of school foodborne disease outbreaks in the future.Methods An epidemiological study was conducted on the school foodborne disease outbreaks reported by the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System in Liaoning Province from 2011 to 2021.The influencing factors of school foodborne disease outbreaks were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.Results From 2011 to 2021,a total of 29 school foodborne outbreaks were reported in Liaoning Province,with accumulative cases of 1003,218 hospitalized cases and no death cases.The number of outbreaks and cases were the highest in 2020(7 cases,320).The incidence of the disease showed a bimodal distribution throughout the year,with the peak in March and December,and the number of outbreaks in schools in March was the largest(8 cases,27.59%).Primary and secondary schools reported the largest number of incidents,cases and hospitalizations(12 cases,555,97).The mean interval of outbreak reporting was longest in junior college(32.01 h),while the mean duration of outbreak was longest in university(52.33 h).Most of cases(536,53.44%)had vomiting symptoms.Staphylococcus aureus toxin,Bacillus cereus toxin and Norovirus caused more incidents(3 cases for each one).In addition to the unknown causes,improper processing and cross contamination were the main causes(6 cases for each one).Headache index was positively correlated with outbreak size in schools(OR=9.78).Clinical symptoms fever and exposure duration event indexes were positively correlated with the reporting time interval of school outbreak events(OR=7.08,22.40)(P<0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the management and supervision of school catering institutions in winter and spring,optimize the reporting process,and effectively reduce the scale of outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools.

关 键 词：食品污染 疾病暴发流行 回归分析 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R193[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478[文化科学—教育学] R181.3[文化科学—教育技术学]