基于补充教育和竞赛系统的俄罗斯天才儿童教育  

Education of Gifted Children in Russia based on Supplementary Education and Competition System

作　　者：课题组 程塨渌 冯萌萌 谢岩枫 韩洋 白学军[2] 张兴利[3,4] 王永丽 CHENG Gonglu;FENG Mengmeng;XIE Yanfeng;HAN Yang;BAI Xuejun;ZHANG Xingli;WANG Yongli(Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students'Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Research Division,Center for Education Management Information of the Ministry of Education,P.R.China,Beijing 100816)

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津师范大学心理学部,学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387 [3]中国科学院行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [5]教育部教育管理信息中心研究处,北京100816

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2023年第1期39-49,共11页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项2022年度委托课题“拔尖创新人才早期培养比较研究及其数据库建设”(编号:MOE-CIEM-2022019)。

摘　　要：俄罗斯天才教育由补充教育系统和竞赛系统组成,前者通过申请考核和学习过程当中的绩效表现鉴别天才儿童,后者通过竞赛名次选拔天才儿童。民间机构会通过各种科技活动发掘在某一领域有天赋的儿童。在天才儿童的培养方面,主要依托补充教育结构培养天才儿童;竞赛系统的推广导致普通中小学对学生的培养方案产生分化;政府依托高校建立了适合天才儿童智力水平的专业侧重型天才中学。政府对天才教育的保障措施包括推出支持天才教育的目标计划和政策支持,以及教师培训计划。Russia’s gifted education is composed of a supplementary education system and a competition system.The former identifies gifted children through the performance of the application examination and learning process,and the latter selects gifted children through the ranking of the competition.Non-governmental organizations will identify children with talent in a certain field through various scientific and technological activities.In the aspect of the cultivation of gifted children,it mainly relies on the supplementary education structure to cultivate gifted children;the popularization of competition system leads to the differentiation of training programs for students in ordinary primary and middle schools.Relying on colleges and universities,the government has set up a special gifted middle school which is suitable for the intelligence level of gifted children.Government safeguards for gifted education include the introduction of target plans and policy support to support gifted education,as well as teacher training programmes.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 天才儿童 补充教育 竞赛系统 侧重型天才中学 教师培训 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]