脂肪酶在鱼油加工中应用的研究进展  

Advances in the application of lipase in fish oil processing

作　　者：胡阳[1] 李婉婷 毛相朝[1] HU Yang;LI Wanting;MAO Xiangzhao(College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《长沙理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期85-98,共14页Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：山东省泰山青年学者项目(tsqn201812020)。

摘　　要：富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3PUFA)的功能性脂质因其在大脑功能和视力发展等方面具有特殊的营养和生理功效,被广泛应用在食品和药品等领域。鱼油是ω-3PUFA的主要来源。脂肪酶因其具有高催化活性及催化特异选择性而被广泛应用于选择性制备不同结构的功能脂质、改善天然脂质的结构及提供特殊的生理活性。本文综述了酶催化技术在鱼油加工过程中应用的研究进展,分析了酶法制备ω-3PUFA乙酯、ω-3PUFA-2-单酰甘油、富含ω-3PUFA的特定结构三酰甘油和磷脂的优越性,讨论了酶催化酯化、酯交换和水解反应在生产各种富含ω-3PUFA的功能性脂质过程中的溶剂组成和反应条件等主要影响因素。最后,总结了酶催化技术在用鱼油加工制备功能性脂质过程中存在的主要挑战,并提出进一步研究的重点方向。Functional lipids rich inω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3PUFA)are widely used in food and medicine because of their special nutritional and physiological effects in brain function and vision development.Fish oil is the main source ofω-3PUFA.Lipases have been used as unique enzymatic tools to selectively prepare functional lipids,improve the structure of natural lipids and provide specific bioactivities,due to their efficient catalysis and selectivity.In this review,recent research progress on lipase catalysis used for fish oil processing was presented and discussed,analyzing the superiority of enzymatic catalysis in the production of health-promoting lipids enriched inω-3PUFA in the formation of ethyl esters,2-monoacylglycerols,structured triglycerides and structured phospholipids.The main factors,e.g.,solvent composition and reaction conditions,on the esterification,transesterification and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by lipase was also discussed in the production ofω-3PUFA-rich lipids.Finally,the main challenges in the application of enzymatic catalysis technique in the production of functional lipids from fish oil were summarized,and the crucial directions for future research in this field was proposed.

关 键 词：酶催化技术 脂肪酶 鱼油 Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸 功能性脂质 

分 类 号：S986.1[农业科学—捕捞与储运]