近20年我国高校理工科毕业生占比的变化趋势研究——以2001~2020年的毕业生面板数据为例  

The Trend and Concerns of the Number of Graduates in Science and Engineering Disciplines in Chinese Universities: Based on the Panel Data from 2001 to 2020

作　　者：常思亮[1] 刘佳瑶 CHANG Si-liang;LIU Jia-yao

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2023年第1期59-73,共15页University Education Science

基　　金：湖南省教育科学规划研究基地课题“面向‘三高四新’的湖南省研究生教育供给改革研究”(XJK2022ZDJD42)。

摘　　要：对2001~2020年我国普通高校毕业生数据研究表明,我国高校理工科本科和研究生毕业生数的占比呈现下降趋势。产业结构的变革、学生报考文科需求的增长和相对较高的理工科生均培养成本是主要的影响因素。高校理工科毕业生数占比下降过多将对我国现代化强国的建设产生不利影响。为此,我国应优化理工科人才激励环境,提高学生理工科报考动力;重视中小学生职业价值观的引领,导引学生报考理工科;持续注重高校理工科发展,稳定理工科招生比例;瞄准新工科人才需求,优化高校理工科结构。The data of ordinary university graduates in China from 2001 to 2020 shows that the proportion of graduates in undergraduate and graduate programs in science and engineering appears a downward trend. The change of industrial structure, the growth of students’ demand for liberal arts and the relatively high per capita training cost of science and engineering students are the main influencing factors. The excessive decline in the proportion of science and engineering graduates in universities will have an unfavorable effect on the construction of China’s modern power.Therefore, China should optimize the incentive environment for science and engineering talents and improve students’ motivation to apply for science and engineering subjects, pay attention to the guidance of primary and secondary school students’ professional values, and guide students to apply for science and engineering. In addition, continuous attention is essential to the development of science and engineering in universities and to stabilize the enrollment ratio of science and engineering by aiming at the demand for new talents and optimizing the structure of science and engineering education.

关 键 词：高校 理工科教育 理工科毕业生 变化趋势 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]