考查化学学科核心素养的实验题命制——制备氯酸钾和次氯酸钠并探究其氧化能力  

Preparation of Experimental Questions to Examine Chemistry Core Literacy:Preparation of KClO3 and NaClO and Exploration of Their Oxidation Capacity

作　　者：江合佩[1,2] 佘晓敏 单旭峰 JIANG He-Pei;SHE Xiao-Min;SHAN Xu-Feng(Xiamen Educational Research Institute,Xiamen 361003,China;Institute of Chemical Education,Fujian University of Education,Fuzhou 350025,China;Fujian Double Tenth Middle School,Xiamen.361000,China;National Education Examinations Authority,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门市教育科学研究院,福建厦门361003 [2]福建教育学院化学教育研究所,福建福州350025 [3]福建省厦门双十中学,福建厦门361000 [4]教育部考试中心,北京100084

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2023年第3期33-40,共8页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2018年度课题“STEM视域下中学理化项目式学习课程实践研究”(编号:FHB180605);福建省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度立项课题“SOLO分类理论观照下的教育写作研究”(编号:FJJKZX21-511);厦门市教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度立项重点课题“核心素养导向下基于项目的STEM化学教学设计”(编号:1907)。

摘　　要：整合课程标准和高考评价体系提出考查化学学科核心素养的试题命题流程。以“制备KClO3和NaClO并探究其氧化能力的实验题”命制为例,针对考试类别与水平确定核心素养测试目标,以2020年全国Ⅲ卷第26题实验题为激发点遴选真实情境,查阅文献资料,基于条件控制初步命制实验探究题。针对初稿中的知识覆盖面不够、能力进阶不够等问题,二次查阅文献,深度挖掘素材创新点,形成试题,并从考查情境、考查内容、考查要求等3个方面对试题进行全面解构,得出命题过程应关注真实情境的科学性、适宜性、包容性;文献资料的权威性、互证性、多元性;必备知识分布的合理性及关键能力考查的层次性。Integrating curriculum standards and college entrance examination evaluation system,this paper proposed the preparation process of test questions to examine students’chemistry core literacy.Taking“preparation of KClO3and NaClO and exploration of their oxidation capacity”as an example,the core literacy test objective was determined according to the test category and level.The real situation was selected based on the test title of question 26 of national volume III in 2020,and the literature was reviewed,the preliminary experimental inquiry questions were developed based on conditional control.Aiming at the problems of insufficient knowledge coverage and insufficient advanced ability in the first draft,consulted the literature for the second time,dug out the innovation points of the materials,and formed the test questions,and then comprehensively deconstructed the test questions from three aspects:the test situation,the test content,and the test requirements,it was concluded that preparation of test questions should focus on the scientificity,suitability and inclusiveness of the real situation;Authoritativeness,mutual proof and diversity of literature and data;The rationality of essential knowledge distribution and the hierarchy of key abilities examined.

关 键 词：核心素养 真实情境 实际问题 必备知识 试题命制 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]