天下归仁:孔子道德教育思想体系综论  

The World’s Return to Benevolence: An Overview of Confucius’ Moral Education Thought System

作　　者：李永华[1] 蔡炜琳 LI Yonghua;CAI Weilin

机构地区：[1]深圳大学道德文化研究中心,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第2期129-139,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：广东省教育科学规划课题“先秦儒家道德教育思想研究”(2022GXJK312)。

摘　　要：孔子在一生的学习和教育实践中,逐渐形成了一整套完整的道德教育思想体系,这是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。孔子道德教育的目标以“归仁”为核心,包含着培养“杀身成仁”君子理想人格的个人理想目标和实现“天下归仁”的社会理想目标。在成仁归仁的理想目标指引下,孔子把仁贯穿于其道德教育内容的始终。其道德教育内容的主要部分包括仁的教育、义的教育和礼的教育。三者紧密联系、有机结合。仁的教育构成了孔子道德教育内容的核心。义的教育构成了孔子道德教育内容的重点。礼的教育构成了孔子道德教育内容的基础。在道德教育的方法中,孔子按不同的道德主体,为个人、为师者、家庭和为政者指明了不同的教育方法,具体包括学思行并重、因材施教、愤启悱发、身教重于言传、合力育人等,层层递进、相辅相成地推进道德教育的展开。即使到今天,孔子道德教育思想对当代中国道德教育实践仍具有重要启示。当代中国道德教育首先应汲取孔子“道之以德”的思想智慧,筑牢当代道德教育的重要性。其次,借鉴孔子“性相近,习相远”“因材施教”等思想,肯定每一个个体的受教育权利,尊重受教育者的个性和特点,尊重当代道德教育的主体性。最后,立足孔子在道德教育中强调知行合一、身体力行的观点,强化当代道德教育的实践性。In his lifetime of learning and educational practice, Confucius gradually formed a complete set of moral education ideology, which is an important part of the excellent traditional Chinese culture. The goal of Confucius’ moral education takes “returning to benevolence” as the core, including the personal ideal goal of cultivating the ideal personality of a gentleman, who “kills one’s life and becomes benevolent”, and the social ideal goal of realizing “The world returns to benevolence”. Under the guidance of the ideal goal of benevolence, Confucius put benevolence throughout the content of his moral education. The main part of its moral education includes the education of benevolence, righteousness and propriety. The three are closely linked and organically combined. The education of benevolence constitutes the core of Confucius’ moral education. The education of righteousness constitutes the focus of Confucius’ moral education. The education of etiquette constitutes the basis of Confucius’ moral education. In the method of moral education, according to different moral subjects, Confucius pointed out different educational methods for individuals, teachers,families, and politicians, specifically including the methods of paying equal attention to learning, thinking and doing, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, inspiring anger, inspiring sadness, teaching students by example is more important than words, and educating people together. Promote the development of moral education step by step and complement each other. Even today, Confucius’ moral education thought still has important enlightenment on contemporary Chinese moral education practice. Moral education in contemporary China should first draw on Confucius’ wisdom of Guide the people with morality and strengthen the importance of contemporary moral education. Secondly, learn from Confucius’ ideas of “similar nature, different learning” and “teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”, affirm the ri

关 键 词：天下归仁 孔子 道德教育目标 道德教育内容 道德教育方法 个人修养 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]