从CDIO模式到NEET计划——美国工程教育改革路径分析与经验启示  

From the CDIO Model to the NEET Program——Analysis and Implications of the Engineering Education Reform in the United States

作　　者：李佳欣 周玲[1] Li Jiaxin;Zhou Ling(Institute of Higher Education,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学高等教育研究所,上海200237

出　　处：《化工高等教育》2022年第6期22-29,104,共9页Higher Education in Chemical Engineering

基　　金：2020年教育部第二批新工科研究与实践项目“基于新工科人才核心素养培养的课程建设研究”(E-ZYJG20200217)。

摘　　要：美国麻省理工学院的工程教育改革引领了国际工程教育改革的潮流。2000年起,麻省理工学院创立了CDIO工程教育理念,2017年又启动了“新工程教育转型(NEET)”计划。从CDIO模式到NEET计划的提出,体现了美国工程教育界在新形势下对工程教育的反思与变革。文章对两次改革的教育理念、培养目标、实现形式等进行比较研究后发现,NEET计划在传承CDIO模式“做中学”“产学结合”等理念的基础上,以学生为中心构建了跨学科的“课程线”和项目式综合学习方法,以培养能够引领未来产业界和社会发展的领导型工程人才。结合以上分析,针对国内正在推进的新工科建设,文章认为我国高校需转变教育观念,为学生创造力的培养提供足够的空间;在课程设置方面既要脚踏实地,又要有着眼未来的目标;要更加关注未来的项目式课程开发;同时注重学生传统能力与非传统能力的培养,进而提升学生的核心素养。The engineering education reform of Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have led the way of international engineering education reform. Since the year 2000, MIT has created the CDIO engineering education concept and launched the Transformation of New Engineering Education(NEET) program in 2017. The proposal of the CDIO model and the NEET program represents the reflection and change of engineering education in the American engineering education community in the new situation. Through comparative research on the educational concepts, training goals, and forms of realization of the two reforms, it is found that, based on the inheriting of the concept of "learning by doing" and "combining industry and education" in CDIO model, NEET builds an interdisciplinary "thread" and project-based learning method with students as the center, in order to cultivate leading engineering talents who can lead the future industry and social development. On the basis, combing the construction of new engineering in China, the following experience is enlightened: It is necessary to change the concept of education to provide sufficient space for the cultivation of students’ creativity;the curriculum should be both down-to-earth and have the goal of focusing on the future;at the same time, more attention should be paid to the development of future project-based curriculum;and the traditional and non-traditional abilities of students should be equally emphasized, so as to improve their core literacy.

关 键 词：CDIO NEET 工程教育 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] TB-4[文化科学—教育学]