浙江金衢盆地新石器时代早中期上山文化陶器科技分析  

Scientific and Technological Analysis of Pottery Associated with the Neolithic Shangshan Culture in the Jin-Qu Basin,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：杨玉璋[1] 张茂林[1] 蒋乐平[2] 李为亚 张居中[1] YANG Yuzhang;ZHANG Maolin;JIANG Leping;LI Weiya;ZHANG Juzhong(Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [2]浙江省文物考古研究所,杭州310014

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2023年第2期56-62,共7页China Ceramics

基　　金：中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(132311KYSB20190008);国家自然科学基金项目(41772172);中国科学技术大学新文科基金(YD2110002016)。

摘　　要：金衢盆地位于浙江中西部钱塘江流域,是上山文化遗址的主要分布区域。利用现代科技方法对盆地内5处遗址出土上山文化(11000-9000 BP)陶器的化学组成、岩相、烧成温度和吸水率进行了分析,结果显示,样品胎体具有南方陶器共有的“高硅低铝”的特征,且P元素含量较高,但不同遗址样品中熔剂氧化物的含量有明显差异,综合岩相分析结果,推测上述5处遗址制陶原料为普通易熔黏土且胎体中羼杂了大量植物茎叶等有机质,胎料物质来源为当地广泛存在的河湖相沉积岩、少量火山岩地层风化产物以及第四纪红土。陶器烧成温度普遍在800~900℃,高于同时期南北方多数遗址,胎体吸水率较高,多在10%~20%之间,这一现象应与陶胎夹炭有关。The Jin-Qu Basin in the Qiantang River Valley of the central and western Zhejiang Province is the main distribution area where the Neolithic Shangshan Culture(11000-9000 BP)developed.In this paper,the chemical compositions,thin sections,firing temperatures and water absorptions of 70 pottery fragments from five sites associated with the Shangshan Culture in the Jin-Qu Basin were analyzed by using multiple analytical methods.The results show that the ceramic bodies of the analyzed samples are characterized by“high silicon and low aluminum”and a high amount of P element.Notably,the contents of flux oxides vary in different samples.Combing the results from the petrographic analysis,it is proposed that the raw materials for making pottery from the five sites are ordinary fusible clay,and the matrix is mixed with a large amount of organic matter such as plant stems and leaves.The sources of the raw material could be the locally widespread fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary facies mixed with a small amount of the weathering products in the volcanic strata and the Quaternary red clay.The firing temperatures of pottery samples are generally 800~900℃,which are higher than that most Chinese archaeological sites attributing to the same period.The values of water absorption of the pottery samples are relatively high,mostly range from10%to 20%,which could be caused by the adding of plant tempers in the ceramic bodies.

关 键 词：金衢盆地 上山文化 陶器 制陶原料 烧成温度 吸水率 

分 类 号：TQ174.18[化学工程—陶瓷工业]