数据驱动的“V+他/它无指+X”构式研究  

Data-driven Exploration of “V+Taexpletive+X” Construction

作　　者：于月 赵秋荣[1] YU Yue;ZHAO Qiu-rong

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学外国语学院,北京100083

出　　处：《解放军外国语学院学报》2023年第1期11-19,160,共10页Journal of PLA University of Foreign Languages

基　　金：北京科技大学课程思政示范课项目“计算机辅助翻译与本地化”;北京科技大学研究生教育教学改革项目“人工智能背景下翻译人才素养的社会需求分析与培养模式探索”;北京科技大学科技与文明中外人文交流研究开放课题“中外人文交流视域下中国经典海外传播与接受”(2022KFZD001)。

摘　　要：现代汉语第三人称代词“他/它”的无指用法一直备受语言学界关注。既有研究从多个角度探究了“V+他/它无指+X”结构,但部分问题仍未完全厘清。本文在构式语法观照下,基于CCL现代汉语语料库,对包含无指代词“他/它”的“V+他/它无指+X”表达式进行穷尽式统计分析。研究发现:1)“他/它无指”语义空虚,但尚未虚化为附着形式,仍是独立的占位成分;且具有加强语气作用,本身无任何具体的语用含义;2)“V+他/它无指+X”构式具有高能产性、高图式性、低组构性,反映了汉语作为语用型语言的隐含复杂性特征。因此认为,基于数据的研究路径、注重结构与语义及语用因素的互动,有助于揭示语言的本质属性和运作机制。The expletive use of third person single pronountais a long-debated issue in linguistic study. Based on an exhaustive corpus survey of CCL, this paper investigates the expletive and its corresponding non-canonical “ V +Taexpletive+X” construction in Mandarin Chinese. We propose that: 1) semantically and syntactically, expletivetahas no actual reference in real world, but it has not grammaticalized into a clitic, which is still an isolated place-holder;pragmatically, it serves as an amplifier, strengthening different tones in different contexts. 2) From the perspective of construction grammar, “V+Taexpletive+X” conveys that the speaker holds some subjective intention towards the event expressed by “V+X”, and has the properties of high productivity, high schematicity and low compositionality, which implies the hidden complexity of the pragmatic nature of Chinese. The study shows that by placing a high premium on usage-based analysis and the interaction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, we can probe deeper into the nature and working mechanism of language.

关 键 词：构式 无指代词 V+他/它无指+X 第三人称代词 隐含复杂性 数据驱动 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]